Front cover -- Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation, Second edition -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Notice -- Chapter 1 General commentary on drug therapy and drug risks in pregnancy -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Development and health -- 1.3 Reproductive stages -- 1.4 Reproductive and developmental toxicology -- 1.5 Basic principles of drug-induced reproductive and developmental toxicology -- 1.6 Effects and manifestations -- 1.7 Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy -- 1.8 Passage of drugs to the unborn and fetal kinetics -- 1.9 Causes of developmental disorders -- 1.10 Embryo/fetotoxic risk assessment -- 1.11 Classification of drugs used in pregnancy -- 1.12 Paternal use of medicinal products -- 1.13 Communicating the risk of drug use in pregnancy -- 1.14 Risk communication prior to pharmacotherapeutic choice -- 1.15 Risk communication regarding the safety (or otherwise) of drugs already used in pregnancy -- 1.16 Teratology information centers -- Chapter 2 Specific drug therapies during pregnancy -- 2.1 Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs -- 2.1.1 Paracetamol (acetaminophen) -- 2.1.2 Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) -- 2.1.3 Pyrazolone derivatives -- 2.1.4 Combination analgesic preparations -- 2.1.5 Opioid analgesics in general -- 2.1.6 Morphine -- 2.1.7 Codeine -- 2.1.8 Pethidine (meperidine) -- 2.1.9 Fentanyl, alfentanil, remifentanil, and sufentanil -- 2.1.10 Other narco-analgesics and centrally acting analgesics -- 2.1.11 Naloxone -- 2.1.12 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) -- 2.1.13 Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors -- 2.1.14 Migraine medications -- 2.1.15 Additional analgesics -- 2.1.16 Additional antiphlogistics and antirheumatics -- 2.1.17 Myotonolytics -- 2.1.18 Gout interval therapy -- 2.1.19 Gout attack therapy -- 2.2 Antiallergic drugs and desensitization.

2.2.1 Antihistamines (H[sub(1)]-blocker) -- 2.2.2 Glucocorticosteroids -- 2.2.3 Mast cell stabilizers -- 2.2.4 Immunotherapy -- 2.3 Antiasthmatic and cough medication -- 2.3.1 Asthma and pregnancy -- 2.3.2 Selective β[sub(2)]-adrenergic agonists -- 2.3.3 Corticosteroids -- 2.3.4 Anticholinergic drugs -- 2.3.5 Theophylline -- 2.3.6 Cromoglycate, nedocromil, and lodoxamide -- 2.3.7 Other mast cell inhibitors -- 2.3.8 Antileukotrienes -- 2.3.9 Monoclonal antibodies and other asthma medications -- 2.3.10 Expectorants and mucolytic agents -- 2.3.11 Antitussives -- 2.3.12 Non-selective β-adrenergic agonists -- 2.4 Antiemetics -- 2.4.1 Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy -- 2.4.2 Diet manipulations and treatment -- 2.4.3 Complementary treatment options -- 2.4.4 Acupuncture and acupressure -- 2.4.5 Hypnosis -- 2.4.6 Ginger -- 2.4.7 Antihistamines (H[sub(1)]-blockers) -- 2.4.8 Dopamine antagonists -- 2.4.9 Pyridoxine (vitamin B[sub(6)]) -- 2.4.10 Thiamine (vitamin B[sub(1)]) -- 2.4.11 Serotonin antagonists -- 2.4.12 Glucocorticoids -- 2.4.13 Other agents with antiemetic properties -- 2.5 Gastrointestinal and antilipidemic agents and spasmolytics -- 2.5.1 Gastritis and peptic ulcer during pregnancy -- 2.5.2 Antacids and sucralfate -- 2.5.3 H[sub(2)]-receptor antagonists -- 2.5.4 Proton-pump inhibitors -- 2.5.5 Bismuth salts -- 2.5.6 Additional ulcer therapeutics -- 2.5.7 Helicobacter pylori therapy -- 2.5.8 Acids -- 2.5.9 Atropine and other anticholinergic spasmolytics -- 2.5.10 Cholinergics -- 2.5.11 Other prokinetic agents -- 2.5.12 Constipation during pregnancy -- 2.5.13 Stool-bulking agents -- 2.5.14 Hyperosmotic and saline laxatives -- 2.5.15 Diphenylmethanes -- 2.5.16 Anthraquinone derivatives -- 2.5.17 Castor oil -- 2.5.18 Lubricants and emollient laxatives -- 2.5.19 Antidiarrheals -- 2.5.20 Drugs for chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

2.5.21 Dimeticon and plant-based carminatives -- 2.5.22 Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid -- 2.5.23 Clofibrine acid derivatives and analogs -- 2.5.24 Cholesterol synthesis-enzyme inhibitors -- 2.5.25 Cholestyramine and other lipid reducers -- 2.5.26 Appetite suppressants, obesity and weight loss -- 2.6 Anti-infective agents -- 2.6.1 Penicillins -- 2.6.2 Cephalosporins -- 2.6.3 Other β-lactam antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors -- 2.6.4 Macrolide antibiotics -- 2.6.5 Lincomycin and clindamycin -- 2.6.6 Tetracyclines -- 2.6.7 Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, atovaquone, and pentamidine -- 2.6.8 Quinolones -- 2.6.9 Nitrofurantoin and other drugs for urinary tract infections -- 2.6.10 Aminoglycosides -- 2.6.11 Chloramphenicol -- 2.6.12 Metronidazole and other nitroimidazole antibiotics -- 2.6.13 Polypeptide antibiotics -- 2.6.14 Antimycotics in general -- 2.6.15 Nystatin -- 2.6.16 Clotrimazole and miconazole for topical use -- 2.6.17 Other local "conazole" antimycotics -- 2.6.18 Other local antimycotics -- 2.6.19 "Conazole" antimycotics for systemic use -- 2.6.20 Amphotericin B -- 2.6.21 Flucytosine -- 2.6.22 Griseofulvin -- 2.6.23 Terbinafine -- 2.6.24 Malaria prophylaxis and therapy in pregnancy -- 2.6.25 Chloroquine -- 2.6.26 Proguanil -- 2.6.27 Mefloquine -- 2.6.28 Pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and dapsone -- 2.6.29 Quinine -- 2.6.30 Halofantrine -- 2.6.31 Primaquine -- 2.6.32 Artemisinin derivatives -- 2.6.33 Other malarial agents -- 2.6.34 Tuberculosis and pregnancy -- 2.6.35 Isoniazid (INH) -- 2.6.36 Rifampicin -- 2.6.37 Ethambutol -- 2.6.38 Pyrazinamide (PZA) -- 2.6.39 Aminoglycosides in tuberculosis -- 2.6.40 Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) -- 2.6.41 Quinolones in tuberculosis -- 2.6.42 Other second-line antituberculous drugs -- 2.6.43 Dapsone -- 2.6.44 Aciclovir and other herpes antivirals -- 2.6.45 Antiviral drugs for influenza.

2.6.46 Ribavirin -- 2.6.47 Other antiviral drugs -- 2.6.48 HIV prophylaxis and therapy -- 2.6.49 Mebendazole and flubendazole -- 2.6.50 Pyrviniumembonate -- 2.6.51 Albendazole and thiabendazole -- 2.6.52 Niclosamide -- 2.6.53 Praziquantel -- 2.6.54 Pyrantel -- 2.6.55 Ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine -- 2.6.56 Hyperthermia -- 2.6.57 Traveling -- 2.7 Vaccines and immunoglobulins -- 2.7.1 Vaccination and pregnancy -- 2.7.2 Cholera vaccine -- 2.7.3 Hemophilus influenza b (HIB) vaccine -- 2.7.4 Hepatitis A vaccine -- 2.7.5 Hepatitis B vaccine -- 2.7.6 Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine -- 2.7.7 Influenza vaccine -- 2.7.8 Measles and mumps vaccines -- 2.7.9 Meningococcal meningitis vaccine -- 2.7.10 Pneumococcal vaccination -- 2.7.11 Poliomyelitis vaccine -- 2.7.12 Rabies vaccine -- 2.7.13 Rubella vaccine -- 2.7.14 Tetanus and diphtheria vaccines -- 2.7.15 Typhoid vaccine -- 2.7.16 Varicella vaccine -- 2.7.17 Yellow fever vaccine -- 2.7.18 Immunoglobulins -- 2.8 Heart and circulatory system drugs and diuretics -- 2.8.1 Arterial hypertension and pregnancy -- 2.8.2 α-methyldopa -- 2.8.3 β-adrenergic receptor blockers -- 2.8.4 Hydralazine and dihydralazine -- 2.8.5 Nifedipine and other calcium antagonists -- 2.8.6 ACE inhibitors -- 2.8.7 Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists -- 2.8.8 Clonidine -- 2.8.9 Diazoxide -- 2.8.10 Magnesium sulfate -- 2.8.11 Nitroprusside -- 2.8.12 Reserpine -- 2.8.13 Other antihypertensives -- 2.8.14 Pulmonary hypertension and its medication -- 2.8.15 Hypotension and antihypotensives -- 2.8.16 Dihydroergotamine -- 2.8.17 Adrenergic substances -- 2.8.18 Cardiac glycosides -- 2.8.19 Antiarrhythmic therapy of the pregnant woman and of the fetus -- 2.8.20 Nitrates and other so-called vasodilators -- 2.8.21 Cardiovascular drugs -- 2.8.22 Diuretics -- 2.8.23 Thiazide diuretics -- 2.8.24 Furosemide and other high-ceiling diuretics.

2.8.25 Aldosterone antagonists -- 2.8.26 Amiloride and triamterene -- 2.8.27 Mannitol -- 2.9 Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic drugs -- 2.9.1 Pregnancy and coagulation -- 2.9.2 Heparins -- 2.9.3 Protamines -- 2.9.4 Low-dose aspirin (LDA) -- 2.9.5 Other non-coumarin antithrombotic drugs -- 2.9.6 Vitamin K antagonists -- 2.9.7 Vitamin K -- 2.9.8 Fibrinolysis -- 2.9.9 Streptokinase -- 2.9.10 Other fibrinolytics -- 2.9.11 Inhibitors of fibrinolysis -- 2.9.12 Volume expanders -- 2.10 Antiepileptics -- 2.10.1 Epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy -- 2.10.2 Benzodiazepines -- 2.10.3 Carbamazepine -- 2.10.4 Ethosuximide and other succimides -- 2.10.5 Oxazolidine anticonvulsants -- 2.10.6 Phenobarbital and primidone -- 2.10.7 Phenytoin -- 2.10.8 Sultiam -- 2.10.9 Valproic acid -- 2.10.10 Felbamate -- 2.10.11 Gabapentin -- 2.10.12 Lamotrigine -- 2.10.13 Levetiracetam -- 2.10.14 Oxcarbazepine -- 2.10.15 Pregabalin -- 2.10.16 Tiagabine -- 2.10.17 Topiramate -- 2.10.18 Vigabatrin -- 2.10.19 Zonisamid -- 2.11 Psychotropic drugs -- 2.11.1 Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants -- 2.11.2 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) -- 2.11.3 Monoaminoxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) -- 2.11.4 Other antidepressants -- 2.11.5 Antipsychotic drugs and pregnancy - "classical" or atypical antipsychotics? -- 2.11.6 Phenothiazines and thioxanthenes -- 2.11.7 Butyrophenones -- 2.11.8 Atypical antipsychotic drugs -- 2.11.9 Other neuroleptic drugs -- 2.11.10 Lithium and other mood-stabilizers/antimanic agents -- 2.11.11 Barbiturates as sedative-hypnotic agents -- 2.11.12 Benzodiazepines -- 2.11.13 Zaleplon, zolpidem, and zopiclone -- 2.11.14 Other anxiolytic drugs -- 2.11.15 Chloral hydrate -- 2.11.16 Other sedative-hypnotic drugs -- 2.11.17 Psychoanaleptic drugs -- 2.11.18 Parkinson drugs -- 2.12 Immunomodulators -- 2.12.1 Immunomodulators in general.

2.12.2 Azathioprine.