THE USE OF THE IONIZING RADIATION TECHNIQUE FOR TISSUE STERILIZATION -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- Chapter I The History of Tissue Transplantation -- The Slow Growth of Tissue Banking Activities during the Second Half of the 20th Century -- Human Tissue, Tissue Bank and Tissue Banking Concepts -- Human Tissue -- Tissue Bank -- Requirement for the Successful Operation of a Tissue Bank -- Principles to Be Observed by a Tissue Bank -- Quality Management System (QMS) -- Tissue Banking -- The Possible Uses of Sterilized Tissues -- The Structure of a Tissue Bank and its Staff -- Relation between the Tissue Bank and Third Parties -- Types of Costs Associated with the Activities of a Tissue Bank -- Estimating Variable Costs: Labour Cost -- Estimating Fixed Costs -- Ethical, Religious, Cultural, and Legal Factors -- Risks of Tissues Transplantation -- Risks to Donor -- Risks to Recipient -- Risks to Health Care Workers -- The Role Played by the IAEA -- The Government's Position -- The Need to Change the Initial Strategy Adopted by the IAEA -- Main Contributions of the IAEA's Programme -- The Role Played by the States -- The Benefits -- Scientific Progress and Technical Publications -- Problems Encountered -- The Present Situation -- The Future -- Chapter II The Ionizing Radiation Technique -- Radiation -- Equipment Used for Tissue Sterilization -- Gamma Irradiators -- Electron-Beam Irradiators -- X-Ray Irradiators -- Sterilization of Tissues -- Radiation Sterilization -- Radiation Dose -- The Sterilization Process -- Validation -- Some Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Radiation Sterilization -- Radiation Damage and Response to Radiation -- Risks and Benefits -- Responsibilities of the Tissue Bank and the Nuclear Facility in Achieving a Sterilized Tissue.

Importance of Documentation in the Nuclear Facility -- Microbiology Laboratory -- Dosimetry and Measurement Uncertainty -- Advantages of the Use of the Ionizing Radiation Technique for Sterilization Purpose -- Chapter III Main Components of the IAEA's Programme -- The Use of the Ionizing Radiation Technique for Tissue Sterilization -- Standards, Regulatory and Quality Systems -- Training -- Public Awareness Strategies -- Technical Cooperation -- The New Strategy Adopted -- Chapter IV Tissue Banking in Asia and the Pacific and the Role Played by the IAEA -- General Overview -- The Role Played by the Participant Countries -- Thailand -- Singapore -- Malaysia -- Indonesia -- India -- Republic of Korea -- Sri Lanka -- China -- Bangladesh -- Philippines -- Australia -- Ethical, Legal, and Religious Considerations -- Ethical Considerations -- Legal Considerations -- Singapore -- India -- Malaysia -- The Republic of Korea -- Sri Lanka -- China -- Australia -- Religious and Cultural Considerations -- Singapore -- Indonesia -- The Importance of Government and Public Support -- Thailand -- Malaysia -- Structure of the Tissue Banks and Its Staff -- Singapore -- Thailand -- Executive Committee -- Scientific Department -- Administrative Department -- Malaysia -- Indonesia -- India -- Republic of Korea -- China -- Philippines -- Tissue Production and Use -- Singapore -- Thailand -- Malaysia -- Indonesia -- India -- Republic of Korea -- Sri Lanka -- China -- Bangladesh -- Philippines -- Training Activities -- Thailand -- Malaysia -- India -- Republic of Korea -- The Establishment of the Asia-Pacific Association of Surgical Tissue Banking (APASTB) -- The Assistance Provided by the IAEA's Programme -- Singapore -- Thailand -- Malaysia -- Indonesia -- India -- Republic of Korea -- Sri Lanka -- Bangladesh -- Limiting Factors -- Singapore -- Malaysia -- Indonesia.

India -- Thailand -- Republic of Korea -- Looking Forward -- Singapore -- Thailand -- Malaysia -- Indonesia -- India -- Sri Lanka -- Bangladesh -- Australia -- Chapter V Tissue Banking in the Latin America and the Caribbean and the Role Played by the IAEA -- General Overview -- Argentina -- Brazil -- Cuba -- Chile -- Mexico -- Peru -- Uruguay -- Laws and Regulations in Force in the Field of Tissue Banking -- Argentina -- Brazil -- Cuba -- Chile -- Mexico -- Peru -- Uruguay -- The Structure of the Tissue Banks Established by the IAEA's Programme -- Argentina -- Brazil -- Cuba -- Chile -- Mexico -- Peru -- Uruguay -- The Use of the Ionizing Radiation Techniques for Tissue Sterilization -- Production of Tissues -- Argentina -- Brazil -- Cuba -- Chile -- Mexico -- Peru -- Uruguay -- Training Activities -- The IAEA Support -- The Assistance Granted by the IAEA's Programme -- Argentina -- Brazil -- Cuba -- Chile -- Mexico -- Peru -- Uruguay -- The Establishment of the Latin American Association of Tissue Banks (ALABAT) -- Problems Encountered -- Limiting Factors -- Cuba -- Chile -- Mexico -- Peru -- Looking Forward -- Argentina -- Brazil -- Cuba -- Chile -- Mexico -- Peru -- Uruguay -- Chapter VI Tissue Banking in Eastern Europe and the Role Played by Spain within the IAEA's Training Programme -- Former Czechoslovakia -- Poland -- Slovakia -- The Role Played by Spain within the IAEA's Training Programme -- Transplant Procurement Management (TPM) -- Chapter VII Tissue Banking in Africa and the Role Played by the IAEA -- South Africa -- Tissues Produced by the NTB -- Chapter VIII The IAEA's Training Programme -- IAEA/NUS Distance Learning Training Course Modality -- Establishment of an RTC for the Asia and the Pacific Region in Singapore -- Establishment of an RTC in Buenos Aires for the Latin America and the Caribbean Region.

Internet Training Course Modality -- The IAEA's Training Programme in Africa -- Other Training Activities -- Impact of the Internet Training Course Modality in the IAEA's Training Programme -- Main Limiting Factors -- National Training Centers: NTC of the Republic of Korea -- Chapter IX The Importance of Ethics in Tissue Banking -- Definition of Ethics -- Main Ethical Issues -- Ethical Policy, Ethical Code and a Code of Practices -- Process for Developing a Code of Ethics -- The Ethics Committee -- Ethical Principles -- Ethical Principles Related to the Informed Consent or Authorization to Donate Human Tissues -- Informed Consent in Case of Research Projects -- Surrogate Consent -- Ethical Principles Associated with the Use of Procured Human Tissues for Medical Treatments and for Research Activities -- Ethical Principles Associated with the Use of Procured Human Tissues for Medical Treatments -- Ethical Principles Associated with the Use of Procured Human Tissues for Research Activities -- Ethical Principles Relate with the Use of Surgical Human Tissue Residues -- Ethical Principles Related to the Protection of Health of Donors and Recipients -- Ethical Principles Related to Human Body Integrity -- Ethical Principles Related to the Distribution of Human Tissues for Medical Use -- Ethical Principles Related to the Commercialization of Human Tissues -- Ethical Principles Related to the Confidentiality Access of the Donor and Recipient Information -- Chapter X The Radiation Sterilization of Tissues Allografts: Requirements for Validation and Routine Control. New Elements to Be Considered -- The Preparation of the Code of Practice -- Position of the IAEA's Member States with Respect to the Use of the Ionizing Radiation Technique for Tissue Sterilization -- The Code of Practice -- Change in the Objective and Scope of the Code of Practice -- Personnel.

Validation of Pre-Sterilization Processes -- Validation of the Sterilization Process -- Main Weaknesses of the Current Version of the Code of Practice -- Chapter XI The IAEA International Standards for Tissue Banks: New Elements to Be Considered -- Preparation of the IAEA Standards -- New Elements to Be Considered -- Section A. Organization, Facilities, Design, and Access to a Tissue Bank -- Medical and Administrative Directors -- Quality Management System -- Documentation -- Record Keeping -- Donor Tracking -- Auditing -- Waste Disposal -- Section B. Donor Selection -- Physical Examination -- Bacteriological Testing Methods -- Age Criteria153 -- Donor Identification -- Packaging and Transportation to the Tissue Bank -- Irradiated Tissue -- Accompanying Documentation -- Chapter XII The IAEA Public Awareness Strategies for Tissue Banks: New Elements to Be Considered -- The Preparation of the IAEA Public Awareness Strategies for Tissue Banks -- The IAEA Public Awareness Strategies for Tissue Banks -- Donor Referral and Transplant Coordination System -- Donor Referral System -- Transplant Coordination -- Planning a Public Awareness Campaign and the Preparation of a Professional Education Programme -- The Importance of the Audience Selection and the Organization of Media Events -- The Importance of the Target Audience -- The Importance of Media Events -- Actions to Be Taken -- Chapter XIII The Future Role to Be Played by ALABAT and APASTB -- The Establishment of APASTB -- The Role to Be Played by APASTB in the Future -- The Establishment of the Latin American Association of Tissue Banks (ALABAT) -- The Role to Be Played by ALABAT in the Future -- The Possible Future Role to Be Played by the IAEA and WHO in the Consolidation of APASTB and ALABAT -- Chapter XIV The IAEA Technical Advisory Committee -- The First Meeting -- The Second Meeting.

The Third Meeting.