Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Part 1 Science and nonhuman primates -- 1 Anthropology and primatology -- Introduction -- The anthropology connection -- The primatology connection -- Caveats -- In summary -- References -- 2 Resistance to the cross-species perspective in anthropology -- Introduction -- The value of the cross-species perspective -- Resistance to the cross-species perspective -- Biological determinism -- Overly simplified explanations -- Naturalistic fallacy -- Sociobiology -- Proximate mechanisms -- Are we all sociobiologists? -- Genetic basis of behavior -- Rejection of evolution by natural selection -- Political misapplication -- Beyond biology -- Post-modernism -- Concluding comments -- References -- 3 The ethics and efficacy of biomedical research in chimpanzees with special regard to HIV research -- Common errors in research: a question of efficacy -- The 'standard housing/rearing' confound -- Same symptoms and different etiology -- Same stimulus, but a different response -- False positives, or type I errors -- False generalizations -- Conclusions -- References -- Part 2 Cultural views of nonhuman primates -- 4 Monkey as food, monkey as child: Guajá symbolic cannibalism -- Material importance of monkeys -- The role of monkeys in the Guajá diet -- The monkey and Guajá ethnobotany -- The monkey and the Guajá social system -- The monkey and Guajá cosmology -- …the forest kin -- Guajá symbolic endocannibalism -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 5 Ethnoecology of monkeys among the Barí of Venezuela: perception, use and conservation -- Introduction -- Habitat of the Barí and monkeys -- Perception of monkey taxa and the ecosystem -- Barí uses of monkeys -- Barí hunting strategies.

Changes in Barí population, settlement and technology, and their impact on monkeys -- Conservation, biodiversity and the future of monkeys -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Primates in Matsigenka subsistence and world view -- Introduction -- The Matsigenka and the Manu Biosphere Reserve -- Primates as prey -- Monkey hunting practices -- Primates in mythology and ethnozoology -- Monkeys, manhood and medicine -- Kaokirontsi: eyedrop medicines -- Purgatives and emetics -- Medicinal sedges -- Hallucinogens and other psychoactive plants -- Gender roles and ecological balance -- Indigenous people and conservation: boon or bane? -- Conclusion: the future of primate conservation in Manu -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 7 Monkey King in China: basis for a conservation policy? -- Overview -- Background -- Human nature: Sun WuKong -- Synopsis -- The meaning of the Journey -- Identification of Monkey -- The origin and diffusion of Monkey King -- Monkey of the mind -- Conservation -- The paradox of possibility -- References -- 8 Reflections on the concept of nature and gorillas in Rwanda: implications for conservation -- Introduction -- The country and its traditional organization -- The pressure for land and the forests of Rwanda -- The case of the mountain gorilla and the forest of the Parc National des Volcans -- Rwandans' relation to wild spaces -- Perception of the gorillas -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Part 3 Conservation of nonhuman primates -- References -- 9 Monkeys, humans and politics in the Mentawai Islands: no simple solutions in a complex world -- Introduction -- The Mentawai Islands -- Location -- The forests: structural ecology -- The nonhuman primates -- The human primates -- Human and nonhuman interconnections -- Habitat interconnections -- Cultural interconnections.

Nonhuman primate and human primate ecologies: similar threats -- Researchers, tourists, and capitalists -- Primatological research -- Surf wars, National Parks and ecotourism in Siberut -- No simple solutions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Conservation must pursue human-nature biosynergy in the era of social chaos and bushmeat commerce -- Introduction -- Bushmeat crisis and social chaos dominate African primate conservation -- Hunting and primates -- Guns and commerce -- Logging and anarchy -- War and chaos -- Intrusion and disease -- Face the crisis -- Conservation moves from saving biodiversity to promoting biosynergy -- The wildlife values continuum: theistic - conflicted - utilitarian -- The constitution continuum: myth - precept - law -- The identification continuum: nature - society - individual -- The management continuum: kinship - consensus - contract -- The commerce continuum: hunt - trade - market -- Recommendations for research and intervention -- Bushmeat supply control -- Bushmeat demand reduction -- Bushmeat alternative development -- Conclusion: the conservation movement must expand to succeed -- Renewal is needed -- Strategies must escalate -- Capacity must expand -- Teamwork must prevail -- Success must be global -- References -- 11 A cultural primatological study of Macaca fascicularis on Ngeaur Island, Republic of Palau -- Introduction -- The 1994 study -- 1999 Update -- Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Monkeys in the backyard: encroaching wildlife and rural communities in Japan -- Introduction -- Traditional forest resource utilization -- New threats to monkeys' ecological security -- Crop damage: an old problem in a new guise -- Where have all the farmers gone? -- The agricultural buffer zone -- The declining agricultural population -- Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Part 4 Government actions, local economies and nonhuman primates -- References -- 13 The primatologist as minority advocate -- Introduction -- Thailand -- Vietnam -- Myanmar -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Monkey business? The conservation implications of macaque ethnoprimatology in southern Thailand -- Ethnoprimatology -- Macaque crop pickers -- Synergy -- Biological facilitators -- Economic facilitators -- Cultural facilitators -- Hypotheses -- Hypothesis 1: adaptive shift -- Hypothesis 2. Conservation -- Animal rights -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 15 Rhesus macaques: a comparative study of two sites, Jaipur, India, and Silver Springs, Florida -- Introduction -- The Ramyana -- The rhesus monkeys of Jaipur, India -- The rhesus monkeys of Silver Springs, Florida -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.