SECURITY IN IRAQ -- SECURITY IN IRAQ -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- THE REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT COMMISSION ON THE SECURITY FORCES OF IRAQ -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Statutory Mandate -- Organization -- Activities -- ISF Defined -- Context -- Security Environment -- ISF Overall Assessment -- Ministry of Defense Assessment -- Army and Special Forces Assessment -- Air Force Assessment -- Navy Assessment -- Ministry of Interior Assessment -- Iraqi Police Service Assessment -- The National Police Assessment -- Border Security Assessment -- Overall Capacity Building -- Additional Observations -- CONCLUSIONS, KEY FINDINGS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Overall Assessment of the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF)-Military and Police -- The Ministry of Defense -- The Iraqi Army and Special Forces -- The Iraqi Air Force -- The Iraqi Navy -- The Ministry of Interior -- Iraqi Police Service -- The National Police -- The Department of Border Enforcement -- THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT IN IRAQ -- Al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) -- The Sunni Insurgents -- Shi'a Militias -- Iranian Influence in Iraq -- The Role of Iraq's Other Neighbors -- Means and Methods of Violence -- Levels of Violence and Their Impact on Iraqi Society -- OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF THE IRAQI SECURITY FORCES -- Overview of Iraqi Security Forces -- Maintain Territorial Integrity -- Deny Terrorists Safe Haven -- Bring Security to the Provinces -- End Sectarian Violence -- THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE -- Overview of the Ministry of Defense -- Budgeting -- Contracting -- Personnel -- Intelligence -- Command and Control -- Logistics -- THE IRAQI ARMY AND IRAQI SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES -- Overview of the Iraqi Army and Special Forces -- Challenges for the Iraqi Army and Special Operations Forces -- Border Protection -- Counterinsurgency and Counterterrorism Operations -- The Iraqi Army.

Iraqi Special Operations Forces -- Army Leadership -- Personnel -- Equipment -- Logistics -- THE IRAQI AIR FORCE -- Overview of the Iraqi Air Force -- Challenges Facing the Air Force -- Recruiting and Training -- Maintenance -- Overall Air Force Direction and Progress -- THE IRAQI NAVY -- Overview of the Iraqi Navy -- Challenges Facing the Iraqi Navy -- Ministry of Defense -- Iraqi Navy Area of Responsibility -- Coast Guard -- Overview of Current Status -- THE MINISTRY OF INTERIOR -- Overview of the Ministry of Interior -- Challenges for the Ministry of Interior -- Sectarianism and Corruption -- Administration and Logistics -- Budget -- Facilities Protection Service -- THE IRAQI POLICE SERVICE -- Overview of the Iraqi Police Service -- Challenges for the Iraqi Police Service -- Recruiting -- Training -- Equipment -- Information Sharing -- Investigations and Forensics -- Creation of a Justice System -- A Long-Term Vision for Policing in Iraq -- THE NATIONAL POLICE -- Overview of the Iraqi National Police -- Challenges for the National Police -- Sectarianism -- Quality -- Future Missions and Command and Control Arrangements -- THE DEPARTMENT OF BORDER ENFORCEMENT -- Overview of the Department of Border Enforcement -- Challenges for the Department of Border Enforcement -- Ministry of Interior -- Equipment -- Support Systems -- Corruption -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- Assessment Recap -- The Surge -- Strategic Shift -- Provincial Iraqi Control (PIC) -- Status of Forces Agreement -- Goals and Benchmarks -- Concluding Thoughts -- APPENDIX A: MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION -- General James L. Jones, USMC (Ret.) -- General John Abrams, USA (Ret.) -- Lieutenant General Martin R. Berndt, USMC (Ret.) -- General Charles G. Boyd, USAF (Ret.) -- Command Sergeant Major Dwight J. Brown, USA (Ret.) -- The Honorable Terrance Gainer -- The Honorable John J. Hamre.

Colonel Michael Heidingsfield, USAF (Ret.) -- Admiral Gregory G. Johnson, USN (Ret.) -- General George Joulwan, USA (Ret.) -- Lieutenant General James C. King, USA (Ret.) -- Assistant Chief Constable Duncan McCausland, PSNI -- Lieutenant General Gary S. McKissock, USMC (Ret.) -- Sergeant Major Alford McMichael, USMC (Ret.) -- Brigadier General Richard Potter, USA (Ret.) -- Major General Arnold L. Punaro, USMC (Ret.) -- Chief Charles H. Ramsey -- Chief John F. Timoney -- Lieutenant General John A. Van Alstyne, USA (Ret.) -- General Charles Wilhelm, USMC (Ret.) -- APPENDIX B: ENABLING LEGISLATION -- APPENDIX C: INDIVIDUALS CONSULTED DURING ASSESSMENT -- Current and Former United States Officials -- U.S. Civilian Officials -- U.S. Military Officials -- The White House -- The Joint Staff -- Plans and Policy, J-5 -- Central Command -- Multi-National Force-Iraq -- Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq -- Coalition Police Assistance Training Team, MNSTC-I -- Coalition Military Assistance Training Team -- Multi-National Corps-Iraq -- NATO Training Command-Iraq -- Current and Former Iraqi Officials -- Iraqi Civilian Officials -- Iraqi Military Officials -- Iraqi Ministry of the Interior -- Ministry of the Interior Officials -- Iraqi Police Service and National Police -- Outside Experts -- APPENDIX D: REVIEW OF MAJOR REPORTS & ANALYSES -- United States Government Sources -- Office of the President of the United States -- Department of Defense -- Central Intelligence Agency -- Government Accountability Office -- United States Congress -- Congressional Research Service -- Coalition Provisional Authority -- Non-Governmental Sources -- End Notes -- PRIVATE SECURITY CONTRACTORS IN IRAQ: BACKGROUND, LEGAL STATUS AND OTHER ISSUES -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- State Department and DOD Private Security Contracts22.

State Department Private Security Contracts -- DOD PSC Contract Information from Secondary Sources -- Sources of Controversy -- LEGAL STATUS AND AUTHORITIES -- International Law -- Can Contractors Be "Combatants"? -- Are They "Mercenaries"? -- Iraqi Law (Including Coalition Provisional Authority Orders) -- U.S. Law -- Prosecution in U.S. Federal Court -- Extraterritorial Jurisdiction -- Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (MEJA) -- Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) -- ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- Need for and Suitability of Private Contractors119 -- Effects on the U.S. Military Force Structure -- Effects on the U.S. Military Mission in Iraq -- Concerns Regarding Flexibility -- Concerns about Reliability and Quality -- Oversight and Control/Coordination Issues -- Transparency and Congressional Oversight -- Oversight in the Field -- Control and Coordination in the Field -- Cost Issues -- Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy -- Accountability -- Human Rights Concerns: Possible Employment of Human Rights Violators -- Human Rights Concerns: Alleged Mistreatment of Third-Country Private Security Contractors -- Perception of State Authority and Commitment -- SELECTED LEGISLATION -- S. 674 (Obama) - Transparency and Accountability in Military and Security Contracting Act of 2007 -- S. 1547 (Levin) - National Defense Authorization Act for FY2008 -- H.R. 369 (Price) - Transparency and Accountability in Military and Security Contracting Act of 2007 -- H.R. 528 (Lynch) - Iraq Contracting Fraud Review Act of 2007 -- H.R. 663 (Blumenauer) - New Direction for Iraq Act of 2007 -- H.R. 897 (Schakowsky) - Iraq and Afghanistan Contractor Sunshine Act -- H.R. 1581 (Lantos) - Iraq Reconstruction Improvement Act of 2007 -- H.R. 1585 (Skelton) - National Defense Authorization Act for FY2008 -- H.R. 2740 (Price) - MEJA Expansion and Enforcement Act of 2007.

H.Res. 97 (Murphy, Patrick) - Providing for Operation Iraqi Freedom Cost Accountability -- End Notes -- INDEX.