Deadly Metal Rain: Th e Legality of FlechetteWeapons in International Law -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Illustrations and Maps -- Abbreviations -- List of Cases -- List of Treaties -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- The Legality of Flechette Weapons: Origin of the Lacuna -- Flechette Weapons: Their Use by Israel (1982-2009) -- Flechette Weapons: The Domestic Legal Debate -- Outline of the Book -- Part I. Flechette Weapons: Factual and Legal Background -- Chapter 1 The Weapon's Features and History -- A. Introduction -- B. Air-dropped Flechettes -- BI. The Balles Bon Weapons: Air-dropped Flechettes in the Pre WWI Era -- BII. Air-dropped Flechettes in WWI -- BIII. The "Lazy Dog" Weapons: Air-dropped "Finned Bullets" in Vietnam -- C. Firearm Flechettes: Development and Operation -- CI. Flechette Rifl es: The Rise and Demise of the "Salvo Project" -- CII. "Beehive Projectiles": Origin and Development -- CIII. Flechette Projectiles: Method of Operation -- CIV. 'The Most Effi cient Killer': Use of Beehive Munitions in the Vietnam War -- CV. Flechette Weapons in the Post Vietnam Era: Proliferation and Use -- Chapter 2 From Pointed Controversy to Oblivion: The Non-banning of Flechette Weapons -- A. Introduction: Restricting Weapons of War throughout the Centuries -- B. Initial Efforts to Ban "Certain" Conventional Weapons (1966-1970): The "High Speed Barbed Missiles" -- C. Flechettes Weapon during Consolidation of the AdditionalProtocols, 1971-1977 -- CI. The ICRC Activities and the Swedish Foreign Ministry Report (1971-1973) -- CII. The Ad Hoc Committee on Conventional Weapons (First Session, 1974) and its Aftermath -- CIII. The Ad Hoc Committee on Conventional Weapons (Second Session, 1975) and its Aftermath -- CIV. The Ad Hoc Committee (Third Session, 1976) and its Aftermath.

CV. The Ad Hoc Committee and the Conclusion of the DiplomaticConference (Fourth Session, 1977) -- D. Flechettes during Formulation of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW Convention), 1978-1980 -- E. The Flechette Weapon and the History of CCW Review -- EI. A Convention in Neglect (1980-1995) -- EII. First Review Conference (1995-1996) -- EIII. Second Review Conference (2001) -- EIV. Third Review Conference (2006) -- Chapter 3 Five Refl ections -- A. The Disappearance of Free-fall Air-dropped Flechettes -- B. Legal Restraints on the Use of Free-fall Air-dropped Flechettes in WWI -- C. Defeating "A Swarming Foe": On the Eff ectiveness ofFlechettes in the Vietnam War -- D. The Introduction of Flechettes into the Vietnam War and the Question of Political Sanction -- E. The Failure to Ban Flechettes: The Political Dimension of the Diplomatic Conference and the CCW's Frameworks -- Part II. Flechette Weapons:The Israeli Case -- Chapter 4 Israel's Policy -- A. Procurement and Indigenous Improvements -- B. Use in Southern Lebanon (1982-2000) -- BI. The Period of Silence (1982-1985) -- BII. Keeping a Low Profi le (1985-1993) -- BIII. The Media Wakes Up (1994-2000) -- C. Use in The Gaza Strip (2001-2005): High Profile Incidents and Th eir Aftermath -- CI. The Bedouin Camp - (June 2001) -- CII. The Three Youths - (December 2001) -- CIII. The al Hajan family - (August 2002) -- Chapter 5 The Internal Legal Battle -- A. Prelude -- B. Petitioners' Claims - Overview and Comments -- BI. The Concept of "Three Layers" -- BII. The First Layer: The Law of Weaponry -- (a) The Principal of Distinction -- (b) The Principle Prohibiting Unnecessary Suff ering -- C. The State's Response - Overview and Comments -- CI. Treaty Law Concerning Means of Warfare -- CII. The International Practice.

D. The HCJ's Legal Review and Ruling: Overview and Comments -- DI. The Factual Flaw: Ignoring the Petitioner's Main Case -- DII. Legal Flaws: Ignoring Customary International Law -- Chapter 6 Five Refl ections -- A. The Low Profile Policy after the 2003 HCJ Decision: Origins and Implications -- B. Flechette Use in Operation Cast Lead: The Goldstone Reportand Israel's Position -- C. "From Warfare to Lawfare": The Flechette Decision, the Court and the Role of Politics -- D. The Use of Flechettes in The Gaza Strip: Some Refl ections onthe Principles of Proportionality and Precautions in Attack -- E. The Use of Flechettes in the Gaza Strip and Israel's MAG: A Call for Specific Rules -- Part III. Old Arguments, Fresh Victims and New Findings:The Legality of Flechette Weapons in International Customary Law - A Reappraisal -- Chapter 7 Flechette Weapons and the Principle Prohibiting Unnecessary Suff ering -- I. Introduction -- B. Measures for Quantifying Suff ering: The Search for a Solid Scientific Basis of Comparison -- C. Flechette Weapons and Unnecessary Suff ering or Superfl uous Injury -- CI. Measures for Quantifying Suff ering -- CII. Shotguns: World War I and the 1918 German Protest -- CIII. The Dart's Lethal Features -- CIV. The ICRC's Proposed Criteria for Superfluous Injury or Unnecessary Suff ering (The "SIrUS Project") -- D. Indispensability - The Question of "Military Necessity" -- E. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 8 Flechette and the Principle of Distinction -- A. The Prohibition on Use of Indiscriminate Weapons - A Legal History -- B. Defining Inherently Indiscriminate Weapons - A Mission Impossible? -- C. Are Flechette Weapons Prone to Inflicting Unacceptable Harmto Civilians? -- D. Closing Remarks -- Summary and Conclusions -- Sources and Works Cited -- Index of Persons -- Index of Subjects.