FrontMatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgment of Members of the Astro2010 Infrastructure Study Groups -- Acknowledgment of Reviewers -- Contents -- Part I: Reports of the Astro2010 Science Frontiers Panels -- 1 Report of the Panel on Cosmology and Fundamental Physics -- 2 Report of the Panel on the Galactic Neighborhood -- 3 Report of the Panel on Galaxies Across Cosmic Time -- 4 Report of the Panel on Planetary Systems and Star Formation -- 5 Report of the Panel on Stars and Stellar Evolution -- Summary Findings -- Part II: Reports of the Astro2010 Program Prioritization Panels -- 6 Report of the Panel on Electromagnetic Observations from Space -- 7 Report of the Panel on Optical and Infrared Astronomy from the Ground -- 8 Report of the Panel on Particle Astrophysics and Gravitation -- 9 Report of the Panel on Radio, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Astronomy from the Ground -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Statements of Task for the Astro2010 Panels -- Appendix B: Glossary -- Appendix C Acronyms.