Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems in Communication Engineering -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Introduction -- I.1 Ultra wideband overview -- I.2 A note on terminology -- I.3 Historical development of UWB -- I.4 Key benefits of UWB -- I.5 UWB and Shannon's theory -- I.6 Challenges for ultra wideband -- I.7 Summary -- 1 Basic properties of UWB signals and systems -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Power spectral density -- 1.3 Pulse shape -- 1.4 Pulse trains -- 1.5 Spectral masks -- 1.6 Multipath -- 1.7 Penetration characteristics -- 1.8 Spatial and spectral capacities -- 1.9 Speed of data transmission -- 1.10 Cost -- 1.11 Size -- 1.12 Power consumption -- 1.13 Summary -- 2 Generation of ultra wideband waveforms -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Damped sine waves -- 2.2 Gaussian waveforms -- 2.3 Orthogonal waveforms and Hermite pulses -- 2.3.1 Hermite polynomials -- 2.3.2 Orthogonal modified Hermite pulses -- 2.3.3 Modulated and modified Hermite pulses -- 2.4 Orthogonal prolate spheroidal wave functions -- 2.4.1 Introduction -- 2.4.2 Fundamentals of PSWF -- 2.4.3 PSWF pulse generator -- 2.5 Designing waveforms for specific spectral masks -- 2.5.1 Introduction -- 2.5.2 Multi-band modulation -- 2.6 Practical constraints and effects of imperfections -- 2.7 Summary -- 3 Signal-processing techniques for UWB systems -- 3.1 The effects of lossy medium on an UWB transmitted signal -- 3.2 Time domain analysis -- 3.2.1 Classification of signals -- 3.2.2 Some useful functions -- 3.2.3 Some useful operations -- 3.2.4 Classification of systems -- 3.2.5 Impulse response -- 3.2.6 Distortionless transmission -- 3.3 Frequency domain techniques -- 3.3.1 Fourier transforms -- 3.3.2 Frequency response approaches -- 3.3.3 Transfer function -- 3.3.4 Laplace transform -- 3.3.5 z-Transform.

3.3.6 The relationship between the Laplace transform, the Fourier transform, and the z-transform -- 3.4 UWB signal-processing issues and algorithms -- 3.5 Detection and amplification -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Ultra wideband channel modeling -- 4.1 A simplified UWB multipath channel model -- 4.1.1 Number of resolvable multipath components -- 4.1.2 Multipath delay spread -- 4.1.3 Multipath intensity profile -- 4.1.4 Multipath amplitude-fading distribution -- 4.1.5 Multipath arrival times -- 4.2 Path loss model -- 4.2.1 Free space loss -- 4.2.2 Refraction -- 4.2.3 Reflection -- 4.2.4 Diffraction -- 4.2.5 Wave clutter -- 4.2.6 Aperture-medium coupling loss -- 4.2.7 Absorption -- 4.2.8 Example of free space path loss model -- 4.3 Two-ray UWB propagation model -- 4.3.1 Two-ray path loss -- 4.3.2 Two-ray path loss model -- 4.3.3 Impact of path loss frequency selectivity on UWB transmission -- 4.4 Frequency domain autoregressive model -- 4.4.1 Poles of the AR model -- 4.5 Summary -- 5 Ultra wideband communications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 UWB modulation methods -- 5.2.1 Pulse position modulation -- 5.2.2 Bi-phase modulation -- 5.3 Other modulation methods -- 5.3.1 Orthogonal pulse modulation -- 5.3.2 Pulse amplitude modulation -- 5.3.3 On-off keying -- 5.3.4 Summary of UWB modulation methods -- 5.4 Pulse trains -- 5.4.1 Gaussian pulse train -- 5.4.2 PN channel coding -- 5.4.3 Time-hopping PPM UWB system -- 5.5 UWB transmitter -- 5.6 UWB receiver -- 5.6.1 Detection -- 5.6.2 Pulse integration -- 5.6.3 Tracking -- 5.6.4 Rake receivers -- 5.7 Multiple access techniques in UWB -- 5.7.1 Frequency division multiple access UWB -- 5.7.2 Time division multiple access -- 5.7.3 Code division multiple access -- 5.7.4 Orthogonal pulse multiple access system -- 5.8 Capacity of UWB systems -- 5.9 Comparison of UWB with other wideband communication systems -- 5.9.1 CDMA.

5.9.2 Comparison of UWB with DSSS and FHSS -- 5.9.3 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing -- 5.10 Interference -- 5.10.1 Wireless local area networks -- 5.10.2 Bluetooth -- 5.10.3 GPS -- 5.10.4 Cellular systems -- 5.11 Summary -- 6 Ultra wideband antennas and arrays -- 6.1 Antenna fundamentals -- 6.1.1 Maxwell's equations for free space -- 6.1.2 Wavelength -- 6.1.3 Antenna duality -- 6.1.4 Impedance matching -- 6.1.5 VSWR and reflected power -- 6.1.6 Antenna bandwidth -- 6.1.7 Directivity and gain -- 6.1.8 Antenna field regions -- 6.1.9 Antenna directional pattern -- 6.1.10 Beamwidth -- 6.2 Antenna radiation for UWB signals -- 6.2.1 Dispersion due to near-field effects -- 6.3 Suitability of conventional antennas for the UWB system -- 6.3.1 Resonant antennas -- 6.3.2 Nonresonant antennas -- 6.3.3 Difficulties with UWB antenna design -- 6.4 Impulse antennas -- 6.4.1 Conical antenna -- 6.4.2 Monopole antenna -- 6.4.3 D-dot probe antenna -- 6.4.4 TEM horn antenna -- 6.4.5 Conclusion -- 6.5 Beamforming for UWB signals -- 6.5.1 Basic concepts -- 6.5.2 A simple delay-line transmitter wideband array -- 6.6 Radar UWB array systems -- 6.7 Summary -- 7 Position and location with ultra wideband signals -- 7.1 Wireless positioning and location -- 7.1.1 Types of wireless positioning systems -- 7.1.2 Wireless distance measurement -- 7.1.3 Microwave positioning systems -- 7.2 Global positioning system techniques -- 7.2.1 Differential GPS (DGPS) -- 7.2.2 GPS tracking modes -- 7.2.3 GPS error sources -- 7.3 Positioning techniques -- 7.3.1 Introduction -- 7.3.2 Network-based techniques -- 7.3.3 Handset-based techniques -- 7.3.4 Hybrid techniques -- 7.3.5 Other techniques -- 7.4 Time resolution issues -- 7.4.1 Narrowband systems -- 7.4.2 Wideband systems -- 7.4.3 Super-resolution techniques -- 7.4.4 Ultra wideband systems -- 7.5 UWB positioning and communications.

7.5.1 Potential user scenarios -- 7.5.2 Potential applications -- 7.6 Summary -- 8 Applications using ultra wideband systems -- 8.1 Military applications -- 8.1.1 Precision asset location system -- 8.2 Commercial applications -- 8.2.1 Time Domain PulsON 200 -- 8.2.2 Time Domain UWB signal generator -- 8.2.3 XtremeSpectrum -- 8.2.4 Intel corporation -- 8.2.5 Motorola -- 8.2.6 Communication Research Laboratory -- 8.2.7 General atomics -- 8.2.8 Wisair -- 8.2.9 Home networking and home electronics -- 8.2.10 Precision asset location system -- 8.3 Summary -- References -- Index.