DYNAMICS OF SMART STRUCTURES -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 From Smart Materials to Smart Structures -- 1.1 Modern Materials: A Survey -- 1.1.1 Polymers -- 1.1.2 Structure and Classification of Polymers -- 1.1.3 Characteristic Properties of Polymers -- 1.1.4 Applications of Polymers -- 1.2 Ceramics -- 1.2.1 Properties of Ceramics -- 1.2.2 Applications of Ceramics -- 1.3 Composites -- 1.3.1 Micro- and Macrocomposites -- 1.3.2 Fibre-reinforced Composites -- 1.3.3 Continuous-fibre Composites -- 1.3.4 Short-fibre Composites -- 1.3.5 Fibre-matrix Composites -- 1.4 Introduction to Features of Smart Materials -- 1.4.1 Piezoelectric, Piezoresistive and Piezorestrictive -- 1.4.2 Electrostrictive, Magnetostrictive and Magnetoresistive -- 1.4.3 The Shape Memory Effect -- 1.4.4 Electro- and Magnetorheological Effects -- 1.5 Survey of Smart Polymeric Materials -- 1.5.1 Novel Inorganic Thin Film Materials -- 1.5.2 Integrative Polymeric Microsystems -- 1.5.3 Electroactive Polymers -- 1.6 Shape Memory Materials -- 1.6.1 Shape Memory Alloys -- 1.6.2 Magnetically Activated Shape Memory Alloys -- 1.6.3 Shape Memory Polymers -- 1.7 Complex Fluids and Soft Materials -- 1.7.1 Self-assembled Fluids -- 1.7.2 Electro- and Magnetorheological Fluids -- 1.7.3 Smart Polyelectrolyte Gels -- 1.8 Active Fibre Composites -- 1.9 Optical Fibres -- 1.10 Smart Structures and Their Applications -- 1.10.1 Medical Devices -- 1.10.2 Aerospace Applications -- 1.10.3 Structural Health Monitoring -- 2 Transducers for Smart Structures -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Transducers for Structural Control -- 2.2.1 Resistive Transducers -- 2.2.2 Inductive Transducers -- 2.2.3 Capacitive Transducers -- 2.2.4 Cantilever-type Mechanical Resonator Transducers -- 2.2.5 Eddy Current Transducer -- 2.2.6 Balancing Instruments -- 2.2.7 Transduction Mechanisms in Materials.

2.2.8 Hydrodynamic and Acoustic Transduction Mechanisms -- 2.2.9 Transducer Sensitivities, Scaling Laws for Example Devices -- 2.2.10 Modelling and Analysis of a Piezoelectric Transducer -- 2.3 Actuation of Flexible Structures -- 2.3.1 Pre-stressed Piezoelectric Actuators -- 2.3.2 Shape Memory Material-based Actuators -- 2.4 Sensors for Flexible and Smart Structures -- 2.4.1 Resonant Sensors -- 2.4.2 Analysis of a Typical Resonant Sensor -- 2.4.3 Piezoelectric Accelerometers -- 2.4.4 The Sensing of Rotational Motion -- 2.4.5 The Coriolis Angular Rate Sensor -- 2.5 Fibre-optic Sensors -- 2.5.1 Fibre Optics: Basic Concepts -- 2.5.2 Physical Principles of Fibre-optic Transducers -- 2.5.3 Optical Fibres -- 2.5.4 Principles of Optical Measurements -- 2.5.5 Fibre-optic Transducers for Structural Control -- 3 Fundamentals of Structural Control -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Analysis of Control Systems in the Time Domain -- 3.2.1 Introduction to Time Domain Methods -- 3.2.2 Transformations of State Variables -- 3.2.3 Solution of the State Equations -- 3.2.4 State Space and Transfer Function Equivalence -- 3.2.5 State Space Realizations of Transfer Functions -- 3.3 Properties of Linear Systems -- 3.3.1 Stability, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors -- 3.3.2 Controllability and Observability -- 3.3.3 Stabilizability -- 3.3.4 Transformation of State Space Representations -- 3.4 Shaping the Dynamic Response Using Feedback Control -- 3.5 Modelling of the Transverse Vibration of Thin Beams -- 3.5.1 Vibrations of Cantilever Beam -- 3.5.2 Vibrations of Simply Supported, Slender Uniform Beam -- 3.6 Externally Excited Motion of Beams -- 3.7 Closed-loop Control of Flexural Vibration -- 4 Dynamics of Continuous Structures -- 4.1 Fundamentals of Acoustic Waves -- 4.1.1 Nature of Acoustic Waves -- 4.1.2 Principles of Sound Generation -- 4.1.3 Features of Acoustic Waves.

4.2 Propagation of Acoustic Waves in the Atmosphere -- 4.2.1 Plane Waves -- 4.2.2 Linear and Non-linear Waveforms -- 4.2.3 Energy and Intensity -- 4.2.4 Characteristic Acoustic Impedance -- 4.2.5 Transmission and Reflection of Plane Waves at an Interface -- 4.3 Circuit Modelling: The Transmission Lines -- 4.3.1 The Transmission Line -- 4.3.2 The Ideal Transmission Line -- 4.3.3 Matched Lines -- 4.3.4 Reflection from the End of a Transmission Line: Standing Waves -- 4.3.5 The Mechanical Transmission Line: An Electro-mechanical Analogy -- 4.3.6 Dissipation of Waves in Transmission Lines -- 4.4 Mechanics of Pure Elastic Media -- 4.4.1 Definition of Stress and Strain -- 4.4.2 Linear Elastic Materials -- 4.4.3 Equations of Wave Motion in an Elastic Medium -- 4.4.4 Plane Waves in an Infinite Solid -- 4.4.5 Spherical Waves in an Infinite Medium -- 4.4.6 Transmission Line Model for Wave Propagation in Isotropic Solids -- 4.4.7 Surface Waves in Semi-infinite Solids -- 5 Dynamics of Plates and Plate-like Structures -- 5.1 Flexural Vibrations of Plates -- 5.2 The Effect of Flexure -- 5.3 Vibrations in Plates of Finite Extent: Rectangular Plates -- 5.4 Vibrations in Plates of Finite Extent: Circular Plates -- 5.5 Vibrations of Membranes -- 6 Dynamics of Piezoelectric Media -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Piezoelectric Crystalline Media -- 6.2.1 Electromechanically Active Piezopolymers -- 6.3 Wave Propagation in Piezoelectric Crystals -- 6.3.1 Normal Modes of Wave Propagation in Crystalline Media -- 6.3.2 Surface Wave Propagation in Piezoelectric Crystalline Media -- 6.3.3 Influence of Coordinate Transformations on Elastic Constants -- 6.3.4 Determination of Piezoelectric Stiffened Coefficients -- 6.4 Transmission Line Model -- 6.4.1 Transmission Line Model for Wave Propagation in Non-piezoelectric Crystalline Solids.

6.4.2 Transmission Line Model for Wave Propagation in Piezoelectric Crystalline Solids -- 6.5 Discrete Element Model of Thin Piezoelectric Transducers -- 6.5.1 One-port Modelling of Thin Piezoelectric Transducers -- 6.5.2 Two-port Modelling of a Piezoelectric Diaphragm Resting on a Cavity -- 6.5.3 Modelling of a Helmholtz-type Resonator Driven by a Piezoelectric Disc Transducer -- 6.5.4 Modelling of Ultrasonic Wave Motors -- 6.6 The Generation of Acoustic Waves -- 6.6.1 Launching and Sensing of SAWs in Piezoelectric Media -- 6.6.2 Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures -- 7 Mechanics of Electro-actuated Composite Structures -- 7.1 Mechanics of Composite Laminated Media -- 7.1.1 Classical Lamination Theory -- 7.1.2 Orthotropic, Transverse Isotropic and Isotropic Elastic Laminae -- 7.1.3 Axis Transformations -- 7.1.4 Laminate Constitutive Relationships -- 7.1.5 Dynamics of Laminated Structures -- 7.1.6 Equations of Motion of an Orthotropic Thin Plate -- 7.1.7 First-order Shear Deformation Theory -- 7.1.8 Composite Laminated Plates: First-order Zig-zag Theory -- 7.1.9 Elastic Constants Along Principal Directions -- 7.2 Failure of Fibre Composites -- 7.3 Flexural Vibrations in Laminated Composite Plates -- 7.3.1 Equations of Motion of Continuous Systems in Principal Coordinates: The Energy Method -- 7.3.2 Energy Methods Applied to Composite Plates -- 7.4 Dynamic Modelling of Flexible Structures -- 7.4.1 The Finite Element Method -- 7.4.2 Equivalent Circuit Modelling -- 7.5 Active Composite Laminated Structures -- 7.5.1 Frequency Domain Modelling for Control -- 7.5.2 Design for Controllability -- 8 Dynamics of Thermoelastic Media: Shape Memory Alloys -- 8.1 Fundamentals of Thermoelasticity -- 8.1.1 Basic Thermodynamic Concepts -- 8.2 The Shape Memory Effect: The Phase-transformation Kinetics -- 8.2.1 Pseudo-elasticity -- 8.2.2 The Shape Memory Effect.

8.2.3 One-way and Two-way Shape Memory Effects -- 8.2.4 Superelasticity -- 8.3 Non-linear Constitutive Relationships -- 8.3.1 The Shape Memory Alloy Constitutive Relationships -- 8.4 Thermal Control of Shape Memory Alloys -- 8.5 The Analysis and Modelling of Hysteresis -- 8.5.1 The Nature of Hysteresis -- 8.5.2 Hysteresis and Creep -- 8.5.3 Hysteresis Modelling: The Hysteron -- 8.5.4 Modelling the Martensite Fraction-temperature Hysteresis -- 8.5.5 Decomposition of Hysteretic Systems -- 8.6 Constitutive Relationships for Non-linear and Hysteretic Media -- 8.7 Shape Memory Alloy Actuators: Architecture and Model Structure -- 8.7.1 Simulation and Inverse Modelling of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators -- 8.7.2 Control of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators -- 9 Controller Design for Flexible Structures -- 9.1 Introduction to Controller Design -- 9.2 Controller Synthesis for Structural Control -- 9.2.1 Problems Encountered in Structural Control: Spillover, Model Uncertainty, Non-causal Compensators and Sensor Noise -- 9.2.2 Concepts of Stability -- 9.2.3 Passive Controller Synthesis -- 9.2.4 Active Controller Synthesis and Compensation -- 9.2.5 Reduced-order Modelling: Balancing -- 9.2.6 Zero-spillover Controller Synthesis -- 9.3 Optimal Control Synthesis: H and Linear Matrix Inequalities -- 9.3.1 The Basis for Performance Metric Optimization-based Controller Synthesis -- 9.3.2 Optimal H Control: Problem Definition and Solution -- 9.3.3 Optimal Control Synthesis: Linear Matrix Inequalities -- 9.4 Optimal Design of Structronic Systems -- 9.4.1 Optimal Robust Design of Controlled Structures -- 9.4.2 Optimum Placement and Co-location of the Sensor and Actuators: The Active Clamp -- 9.4.3 Optimal Controller Design Applied to Smart Composites -- 9.4.4 Optimal Robust Stabilization of Smart Structures -- 9.5 Design of an Active Catheter.

9.6 Modelling and Control of Machine Tool Chatter.