Cover -- Introduction to aerospace materials -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to aerospace materials -- 1.1 The importance of aerospace materials -- 1.2 Understanding aerospace materials -- 1.3 Introducing the main types of aerospace materials -- 1.4 What makes for a good aerospace material? -- 1.5 Summary -- 1.6 Further reading and research -- 2 Aerospace materials: past, present and future -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Brief history of aerospace materials -- 2.3 Materials for the global aerospace industry -- 2.4 Future advances in aerospace materials -- 2.5 Summary -- 2.6 Further reading and research -- 3 Materials and material requirements for aerospace structures and engines -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fixed-wing aircraft structures -- 3.3 Helicopter structures -- 3.4 Space shuttle structures -- 3.5 Summary -- 3.6 Further reading and research -- 4 Strengthening of metal alloys -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Crystal structure of metals -- 4.3 Defects in crystal structures -- 4.4 Strengthening of metals -- 4.5 Summary -- 4.6 Terminology -- 4.7 Further reading and research -- 5 Mechanical and durability testing of aerospace materials -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Tension test -- 5.3 Compression test -- 5.4 Flexure test -- 5.5 Hardness test -- 5.6 Fracture test -- 5.7 Drop-weight impact test -- 5.8 Fatigue test -- 5.9 Creep test -- 5.10 Environmental durability testing -- 5.11 Certification of aerospace materials -- 5.12 Summary -- 5.13 Terminology -- 5.14 Further reading and research -- 6 Production and casting of aerospace metals -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Production of metal alloys -- 6.3 Casting of metal alloys -- 6.4 Casting processes -- 6.5 Summary -- 6.6 Terminology -- 6.7 Further reading and research -- 6.8 Case study: casting defects causing engine disc failure in United Airlines flight 232.

7 Processing and machining of aerospace metals -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Metal-forming processes -- 7.3 Hot and cold working of metal products -- 7.4 Powder metallurgy for production of aerospace superalloys -- 7.5 Machining of metals -- 7.6 Summary -- 7.7 Terminology -- 7.8 Further reading and research -- 8 Aluminium alloys for aircraft structures -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Aluminium alloy types -- 8.3 Non-age-hardenable aluminium alloys -- 8.4 Age-hardenable aluminium alloys -- 8.5 Speciality aluminium alloys -- 8.6 Heat treatment of age-hardenable aluminium alloys -- 8.7 High-temperature strength of aluminium -- 8.8 Summary -- 8.9 Further reading and research -- 9 Titanium alloys for aerospace structures and engines -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Titanium alloys: advantages and disadvantages for aerospace applications -- 9.3 Types of titanium alloy -- 9.4 Titanium aluminides -- 9.5 Shape-memory titanium alloys -- 9.6 Summary -- 9.7 Terminology -- 9.8 Further reading and research -- 10 Magnesium alloys for aerospace structures -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Metallurgy of magnesium alloys -- 10.3 Summary -- 10.4 Further reading and research -- 11 Steels for aircraft structures -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Basic principles of steel metallurgy -- 11.3 Maraging steel -- 11.4 Medium-carbon low-alloy steel -- 11.5 Stainless steel -- 11.6 Summary -- 11.7 Terminology -- 11.8 Further reading and research -- 12 Superalloys for gas turbine engines -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 A simple guide to jet engine technology -- 12.3 Nickel-based superalloys -- 12.4 Iron-nickel superalloys -- 12.5 Cobalt superalloys -- 12.6 Thermal barrier coatings for jet engine alloys -- 12.7 Advanced materials for jet engines -- 12.8 Summary -- 12.9 Further reading and research -- 13 Polymers for aerospace structures -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Aerospace applications of polymers.

13.3 Advantages and disadvantages of polymers for aerospace applications -- 13.4 Polymerisation -- 13.5 Thermosetting polymers -- 13.6 Thermoplastics -- 13.7 Elastomers -- 13.8 Structural adhesives -- 13.9 Mechanical properties of polymers -- 13.10 Polymer additives -- 13.11 Polymers for radar-absorbing materials (RAMs) -- 13.12 Summary -- 13.13 Terminology -- 13.14 Further reading and research -- 13.15 Case study: space shuttle accident -- 14 Manufacturing of fibre-polymer composite materials -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Fibre reinforcements for composites -- 14.3 Production of prepregs and fabrics -- 14.4 Core materials for sandwich composites -- 14.5 Composites manufacturing using prepreg -- 14.6 Composites manufacturing by resin infusion -- 14.7 Machining of composites -- 14.8 Summary -- 14.9 Terminology -- 14.10 Further reading and research -- 14.11 Case study: carbon nanotubes in composites -- 15 Fibre-polymer composites for aerospace structures and engines -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Types of composite materials -- 15.3 Aerospace applications of fibre-polymer composites -- 15.4 Advantages and disadvantages of using fibre- polymer composites -- 15.5 Mechanics of continuous-fibre composites -- 15.6 Sandwich composites -- 15.7 Environmental durability of composites -- 15.8 Summary -- 15.9 Terminology -- 15.10 Further reading and research -- 16 Metal matrix, fibre-metal and ceramic matrix composites for aerospace applications -- 16.1 Metal matrix composites -- 16.2 Fibre-metal laminates -- 16.3 Ceramic matrix composites -- 16.4 Summary -- 16.5 Terminology -- 16.6 Further reading and research -- 16.7 Case study: ceramic matrix composites in the space shuttle orbiter -- 17 Wood in small aircraft construction -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Advantages and disadvantages of wood -- 17.3 Hardwoods and softwoods -- 17.4 Structure and composition of wood.

17.5 Engineering properties of wood -- 17.6 Summary -- 17.7 Terminology -- 17.8 Further reading and research -- 17.9 Case study: (Hughes H-4 Hercules) -- 18 Fracture processes of aerospace materials -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Fracture processes of aerospace materials -- 18.3 Stress concentration effects in materials -- 18.4 Fracture mechanics -- 18.5 Application of fracture mechanics to aerospace materials -- 18.6 Summary -- 18.7 Terminology -- 18.8 Further reading and research -- 18.9 Case study fracture in the space shuttle disaster -- 18.10 Case study: fracture of aircraft composite radome -- 19 Fracture toughness properties of aerospace materials -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Fracture toughness properties -- 19.3 Ductile/brittle fracture transition for metals -- 19.4 Improving the fracture toughness of aerospace materials -- 19.5 Summary -- 19.6 Terminology -- 19.7 Further reading and research -- 20 Fatigue of aerospace materials -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Fatigue stress -- 20.3 Fatigue life (S-N) curves -- 20.4 Fatigue-crack growth curves -- 20.5 Fatigue of metals -- 20.6 Fatigue of fibre-polymer composites -- 20.7 Fretting, acoustic and thermal fatigue -- 20.8 Summary -- 20.9 Terminology -- 20.10 Further reading and research -- 20.11 Case study: aircraft fatigue in Japan Airlines flight 123 -- 20.12 Case study: metal fatigue in aircraft accidents -- 21 Corrosion of aerospace metals -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Corrosion process -- 21.3 Types of corrosion -- 21.4 Corrosion protection of metals -- 21.5 Summary -- 21.6 Terminology -- 21.7 Further reading and research -- 21.8 Case study: corrosion in the Aloha Airlines flight 243 -- 22 Creep of aerospace materials -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Creep behaviour of materials -- 22.3 Creep of metals -- 22.4 Creep of polymers and polymer composites -- 22.5 Creep-resistant materials -- 22.6 Summary.

22.7 Terminology -- 22.8 Further reading and research -- 23 Nondestructive inspection and structural health monitoring of aerospace materials -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Nondestructive inspection methods -- 23.3 Structural health monitoring (SHM) -- 23.4 Summary -- 23.5 Terminology -- 23.6 Further reading and research -- 24 Disposal and recycling of aerospace materials -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Metal recycling -- 24.3 Composite recycling -- 24.4 Summary -- 24.5 Further reading and research -- 25 Materials selection for aerospace -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Materials selection in design -- 25.3 Stages of materials selection -- 25.4 Materials property charts -- 25.5 Structural properties in materials selection -- 25.6 Economic and business considerations in materials selection -- 25.7 Manufacturing considerations in materials selection -- 25.8 Durability considerations in materials selection -- 25.9 Environmental considerations in materials selection -- 25.10 Specialist properties in materials selection -- 25.11 Summary -- 25.12 Terminology -- 25.13 Further reading and research -- Index.