HEAT TREATMENT: THEORY, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS -- HEAT TREATMENT: THEORY, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 HEAT TREATMENT OF VITRIFIED GRINDING WHEELS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GRINDING WHEEL STRUCTURE FORMATION DURING HEAT TREATMENT -- 2.1. Physico-Chemical Processes That Occur during Firing -- 2.2. Ceramic Bond Minerals That Form during Firing -- 3. CASE STUDY I: INTERFACIAL COMPOUNDS AND THEIR EFFECT ON GRINDING WHEEL WEAR -- 3.1. Wear Mechanisms -- 3.1.1. Abrasive wear -- 3.1.2. Fracture wear -- 3.2. Microstructure of Abrasive Grains -- 3.2.1. High purity aluminum oxide -- 3.2.2. Titanium-doped aluminum oxide -- 3.2.3. Cubic boron nitride -- 3.3. Experimental Procedure -- 3.3.1. Measurement of mechanical properties -- 3.3.2. Manufacture of grinding wheels -- 3.3.3. Measurement of wear -- 3.4. Experimental Results -- 3.4.1. Mechanical properties -- 3.4.2. Wear of grinding wheels -- 3.5. Discussion of Interfacial Compounds on Grinding Wheel Wear -- 4. CASE STUDY II: DISSOLUTION OF QUARTZ AND ITS EFFECT ON GRINDING WHEEL WEAR -- 4.1. Dissolution Models for Vitrified Grinding Wheel Bonds -- 4.2. Experimental Procedures -- 4.2.1. Raw materials and preparation -- 4.2.2. X-ray diffraction of vitrified bonding systems -- 4.2.3. Grinding wheel performance -- 4.3. Experimental Results -- 4.3.1. Silicon carbide bonding systems - verification and comparison of dissolution models for quartz -- 4.3.2. Aluminum oxide bonding systems - verification and comparison of dissolution models for quartz -- 4.3.3. Grinding wheel experiments -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 THE POTENTIAL FOR COST AND WEIGHT REDUCTION IN TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS THROUGH THE USE OF HEAT TREATED ALUMINUM HIGH PRESSURE DIECASTINGS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Component Design.

APPLICATION TO INDUSTRIALLY PRODUCED COMPONENTS -- Development of Heat Treatment Procedures -- Reject Rates due to Heat Treatment -- Experiments Using an Industrial Heat Treatment Facility -- COST BASIS -- Examples of Cost and Weight Reduction: Materials Replacement Strategy -- Case 1. Replacement of a Small HPDC with a Heat Treated HPDC -- Case 2. Replacement of a Large HPDC with a Heat Treated HPDC -- Case 3. Replacement of a Large Sand cast Component with a Heat Treated HPDC Component -- Other Considerations in Replacing Permanent Mold Castings with Heat Treated HPDC's -- FRACTURE RESISTANCE -- New HPDC Alloy Developments -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 QUENCHING UNDER FOG CONDITIONS: THEORY, TECHNIQUE AND APPLICATION ON ROLLING MILLS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. THEORY ON QUENCHING UNDER FOG CONDITIONS -- 1.1. Chemistry and Phase Diagrams -- 1.2. Quenching -- Boiling heat transfer -- Transition boiling and system influences -- Surface condition and transition boiling -- 1.3. Quenchants -- Spray quenching -- 2. TECHNIQUE FOR OBTAINING FOG -- 2.1. Spray Characteristics -- 2.2. Spray Performances -- 2.3. Atomization -- 2.4. Heat Transfer Tests -- Test description -- Heat transfer model description -- 2.5. Results and Discussion -- Additional recommendation -- Air/Water Ratio and Droplet Size -- Application -- Conclusion -- 3. APPLICATION FOR 70VMOCR28 ROLLING MILL -- 3.1. Experimental -- 3.2. Results and Discussion -- The testing of the cooling capacity of the type "fog" cooling medium -- Testing of the quenching with cooling in fog and low tempering technology -- Observation: -- The testing of the tempering "optimum" variant -- 4. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 ALCU2, 5MG ALLUMINUM ALLOY HEAT TREATMENT: THEORY, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- Aluminum Heat Treatment -- Heat Treatment Processes.

Aging -- Annealing -- Homogenization (Ingot Preheating Treatments) -- Quenching -- Tempering -- Batch Installations -- Continuous Installations -- Integration with Lean and Agile Manufacturing -- 2. ESTABLISHING THE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. PROGRAMMING THE EXPERIMENT -- 2.1. Establishing the Preliminary Experimental Conditions -- Adopting the correct heat treatment technology for studied aluminum alloys -- Chemical composition tests -- 2.2. Programming the Experiment -- 3. HEAT TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION ON AN ALCU2, 5MG ALUMINUM ALLOY -- 3.1. Results and Discussions -- 3.1.1. Theoretical contributions for choosing heat treatment parameters according to stress conditions -- 3.1.1. Theoretical contributions for choosing heat treatment parameters according to stress conditions -- 3.2. Conclusion -- 4. MICROSTRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS OF A HEAT TREATED ALCU2,5MG ALLOY -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 PRACTICAL HEAT TREATMENT -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. What is the Heat Treatment? -- Heating stage -- Holding stage -- Cooling stage -- 1.2. Heat Treating Furnaces -- 1.3. Furnace Atmospheres -- 1.4. Cooling Rate and Quenching Media -- 1.5. Diffusion Controlled Transformations -- Diffusionless transformation: martensite -- 2. CONCLUSION -- 2.1. Principles in the Heat Treatment of Steel -- 2.1.2. Types of heat treatment -- 2.1.2.1. Stress-relief annealing -- 2.1.2.2. Normalizing -- 2.1.2.3. Soft Annealing (Spheroidizing Annealing) -- 2.1.2.4. Hardening -- 2.1.2.5. Austempering -- 2.1.2.6. Martempering -- 2.1.2.7. Carburizing -- 2.1.2.8. Carbonitriding -- 2.1.2.9. Cyaniding -- 2.1.2.10. Nitriding -- 2.1.2.11. Nitrocarburizing -- 2.2. Heat Treatment of Stainless Steel -- 2.2.1. Martensitic Stainless Steels -- 2.2.2. Ferritic stainless steels -- 2.2.3. Austenitic stainless steels.

2.2.4. Precipitation-hardenable (ph) stainless steels -- 2.2.5. Duplex stainless steel -- 2.3. Applications -- 2.3.1.The effect of homogenization heat treatment on the microstructure of ferritic stainless steel -- 2.3.2. The effect of homogenization heat treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of ferritic stainless steel -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 HEAT TREATMENT OF 18% NICKEL MARAGING STEELS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GRADES COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE AND PROPERTY LEVELS -- 3. HEAT TREATMENT STEPS FOR MARAGING STEELS -- 3.1. Solution Annealing -- 3.2. Aging -- 4. THERMAL CYCLING -- 4.1. Cycling between Ambient Temperature and ~ Af -- 4.2. Cycling between Ambient Temperature and a Temperature Well above Af -- 5. THERMAL EMBRITTLEMENT OF MARAGING STEELS -- 6. HEAT TREATMENTS TO REFINE THE PAG AND TO UNDO THE TE -- 7. EFFECT OF ADOPTING HIGHER SOLUTION TREATMENT TEMPERATURES -- 8. HEAT TREATMENTS RESULTING IN FORMATION OF AUSTENITE IN THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND THEIR EFFECT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- 8.1. Thermal Cycling -- 8.2. Overaging -- 9. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 RECIPE ADAPTATION AND NEW RECIPE DEVELOPMENT FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT TREATMENT OF NORTH AMERICAN WOOD SPECIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THEORY -- METHODOLOGY -- Heat-Treatment Furnaces -- Characterization Tests -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- Thermogravimetric Analysis -- Prototype Furnace and Industrial Trials -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 A HIGH THERMAL TREATMENT OF WOOD: A BASIC THEORY AND NUMERICAL MODELING -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION -- 2.1. Model Based on Luikov's Approach -- 2.2. Diffusion Model -- 2.3. Multiphase Model -- 2.4. Thermo-Physical Properties of Wood -- 3. NUMERICAL SOLUTION -- 4. EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM -- 4.1. Evaluation of the Quality of the Heat Treated Wood.

Preparation of the Wood Samples -- Penetration (JANKA) Hardness Test -- Bending Test -- Dimensional Stability Test -- 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Wetting, Contact Angle Measurement -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 HEAT TREATMENT STIMULATION OF THE MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FORMATION IN BORATE GLASSES DOPED WITH TRANSITION ELEMENTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS -- Particles Characterization -- Faraday Rotation -- DISCUSION -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DISLOCATION-DIVALENT IMPURITY INTERACTION IN KCL: SR2+ SINGLE CRYSTALS -- PART I. EFFECTIVE STRESS DUE TO THE IMPURITIES IN THE CRYSTAL STORED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE FOR A HALF YEAR -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 1. SRS versus Stress Decrement Curve -- 2. Relation between the Strain-Rate Sensitivity and the Stress Decrement for the Two Kinds of Specimens -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PART II. INFLUENCE OF THE STATE OF IMPURITIES ON THE EFFECTIVE STRESS DUE TO THE IMPURITIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 1. State of Impurities in the Two Kinds of Specimens -- 2. Relation between the Strain-Rate Sensitivity and the Stress Decrement -- 3. Effective Stress and Critical Temperature -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PART III. INFLUENCE OF THE STATE OF IMPURITIES ON DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Activation Energy for Break-Away from the Weak Obstacle by a Dislocation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter11PRECIPITATIONANDGROWTHOFGAMMA-PRIMEPHASEINNI-BASESUPERALLOYS -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2UsualheattreatmentsinNi-basesuperalloys -- 2.1Alloyswithlowvolumefractionof -- 2.2Alloyswithhigher.

3Precipitationandgrowthoftheprecipitatedphase.