Acknowledgments -- Warning-Disclaimer -- Welcome! -- Introduction -- How to Get the Most Out of This Handbook -- 1 The Uses of This Handbook -- The Nature of Translation -- For Whom Is This Handbook Intended? -- 2 Historical Overview of Translation -- Translating the Bible -- Translation in the East-Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism -- Translators Opening the Door to the Modern World -- Translation in the New World -- The Twentieth Century -- 3 Requisites for Professional Translators -- The Well-Rounded Translator -- Good and Bad Translation Habits -- 4 Translator's Self-Evaluation -- Translator Skill Levels -- 5 Translation Problems -- Generic Language Problems -- Spanish -- German -- French -- Russian -- Japanese -- Chinese -- Italian -- Portuguese -- Arabic -- Hebrew -- 6 Translation Techniques -- Preliminary Considerations -- Effective Approaches -- 7 Translation, Computers, and the Internet -- Computers and Related Equipment -- Machine Translation vs. Human Translation -- Translation Memory -- Localization -- The Uses of the Internet for Translators -- 8 Dictionaries, Reference Literature, and Terminology Management -- Dictionaries -- Reference Literature -- Terminology Management -- Types of Terminology -- Creating New Terminology -- 9 Key Translation Areas -- Advertising -- Aerospace -- Automotive -- Business/Finance -- Chemistry -- Civil Engineering -- Computers -- Electrical/Electronic Engineering -- Environment -- Law -- Medicine -- Military Subjects -- Nautical Subjects -- Patents -- Social Sciences -- Telecommunications -- 10 How to Operate Successfully as a Freelance Translator -- Financial Issues -- Translator/Client Relations -- Legal Issues -- 11 Sources of Translation Work -- Translation Companies -- Direct Sources of Work -- Networking -- 12 A Career as an In-House Translator -- Level of Expertise -- Translation Training.

The Right Language -- Multiple Languages -- Pros and Cons -- 13 Training Programs -- 14 Oral Interpretation -- The Pros and Cons of Interpretation -- Closing Remarks -- 15 Translators' Organizations -- 16 Translation: A Lifelong Career -- APPENDIX 1: Dictionaries and Reference Literature -- GENERAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE REFERENCES -- GENERAL AND SPECIALIZED DICTIONARIES IN LANGUAGES OTHER THAN ENGLISH -- AFRIKAANS -- ALBANIAN -- AMHARIC -- ARABIC -- AZERBAIJANI -- BASQUE -- BENGALI -- BOSNIAN -- BULGARIAN -- BYELORUSSIAN -- CAMBODIAN -- CATALAN -- CHINESE -- CREOLE -- CROATIAN -- CZECH -- DANISH -- DUTCH -- ESPERANTO -- ESTONIAN -- FARSI (PERSIAN) -- FINNISH -- FRENCH -- GEORGIAN -- GERMAN -- GREEK -- HEBREW -- HINDI -- HUNGARIAN -- ICELANDIC -- INDONESIAN -- ITALIAN -- JAPANESE -- KAZAKH -- KOREAN -- KURDISH -- LAO -- LATIN -- LATVIAN -- LITHUANIAN -- MACEDONIAN -- MALAY -- NEPALI -- NORWEGIAN -- PILIPINO/TAGALOG -- POLISH -- PORTUGUESE -- ROMANIAN -- RUSSIAN -- SERBIAN -- SERBO-CROATIAN -- SLOVAK -- SLOVENE -- SOMALI -- SPANISH -- SWAHILI -- SWEDISH -- TATAR -- THAI -- TURKISH -- UKRAINIAN -- UZBEK -- VIETNAMESE -- YIDDISH -- YORUBA -- APPENDIX 2: Where to Find Dictionaries -- APPENDIX 3: Foreign-Language Software Sources -- APPENDIX 4: Sources of Translation Work -- U.S. TRANSLATION COMPANIES -- U.S. TRANSLATION COMPANIES BY LOCATION -- U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES -- MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS -- MAJOR COMPANIES -- APPENDIX 5: Translation Courses and Programs -- APPENDIX 6: Translator Organizations -- AMERICAN TRANSLATORS ASSOCIATION (ATA) CHAPTERS AND OTHER GROUPS -- INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF TRANSLATORS (FIT) -- APPENDIX 7: Translator Accreditation -- APPENDIX 8: Professional Periodicals for Translators -- Bibliography.