COVER -- HALF-TITLE -- TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- PART I: INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS -- 1 ISOLATED ANGIITIS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM -- Pathology and pathogenesis -- Pathological picture -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical features -- Diagnostic procedures -- Brain imaging -- Angiography -- Brain biopsy -- Diagnostic strategy -- Treatment and prognosis -- REFERENCES -- 2 TEMPORAL ARTERITIS -- Introduction -- Pathology -- Epidemiology and clinical features -- Neurological and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations -- Ischemic optic neuropathy -- Cerebrovascular manifestations -- Diagnosis -- Treatment and prognosis -- REFERENCES -- 3 VARICELLA ZOSTER AND OTHER VIRUS-RELATED CEREBRAL VASCULOPATHY -- Introduction -- Epidemiology of neurological complications related to chickenpox and herpes zoster -- Pathogenesis of cerebral vasculopathy related to chickenpox and herpes zoster -- Cerebral vasculopathy related to herpes zoster -- Vasculopathy of small cerebral arteries -- Concomitant parenchymal penetration by VZV -- Cerebral vasculopathy related to chickenpox -- HIV-related cerebral vasculopathy -- PACNS related to HIV infection -- CAA in childhood AIDS -- Other viruses and cerebral vasculopathy -- Cerebral arteriitis in other viral infections -- REFERENCES -- 4 TAKAYASU DISEASE -- Introduction -- Historical review -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Pathology and hemodynamics -- Classification of Takayasu disease -- Clinical manifestations and prognosis -- Initial manifestations -- Neurological symptoms related to stroke -- Diagnosis and laboratory data -- Differential diagnosis -- Complications -- Therapy -- REFERENCES -- 5 BURGER'S D̈ISEASE (THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS) -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical features -- Therapy -- REFERENCES -- 6 NEUROSYPHILIS AND STROKE.

Treponema pallidum -- History and epidemiology of neurosyphilis -- Pathogenesis of early neurosyphilis -- Meningovascular syphilis -- Syphilitic myelitis and spinal cord stroke -- HIV and neurosyphilis -- Diagnostic evaluation for syphilis in a patient with cerebrovascular disease -- Treatment -- Stroke rehabilitation -- Follow-up -- REFERENCES -- 7 VASCULITIS AND STROKE DUE TO TUBERCULOSIS -- REFERENCES -- 8 STROKE DUE TO FUNGAL INFECTIONS -- Aspergillus -- Mucor -- Candida -- Cryptococcus -- Other fungi -- REFERENCES -- 9 STROKE AND VASCULITIS IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTICERCOSIS -- Neuropathology -- Stroke syndromes -- Relationship between NCC and stroke -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- REFERENCES -- 10 STROKE IN PATIENTS WITH LYME DISEASE -- Introduction -- Diagnosis of Lyme disease -- Stroke in Lyme disease -- Case reviews -- REFERENCES -- 11 BEHÇET'S DISEASE -- Introduction -- Etiology -- Pathology -- Neuro-Behçet's disease -- Vasculo-Behçet's disease -- Cerebral sinus and venous thrombosis -- Ischemic stroke -- Hemorrhagic stroke -- Treatment of vascular manifestations -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- 12 STROKE AND NEUROSARCOIDOSIS -- Introduction -- Epidemiology of sarcoidosis -- Immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis -- Clinical manifestations of neurosarcoidosis -- Pathophysiology and clinical presentations of stroke in sarcoidosis -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- REFERENCES -- 13 KAWASAKI DISEASE: CEREBROVASCULAR AND NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS -- Introduction -- Etiology -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical manifestations and diagnosis -- Natural history -- Neurology of Kawasaki disease -- Stroke -- Treatment -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- 14 CEREBROVASCULAR PROBLEMS IN CHAGAS' DISEASE -- Introduction -- Historical background -- Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi -- Epidemiological strategies to control Chagas' disease.

General clinical features of Chagas' disease -- Chagas' cardiomyopathy -- Diagnostic tests for Chagas' disease -- Specific treatment options for Chagas' disease -- Prognosis of Chagas' disease -- Prognosis of Chagas' cardiomyopathy -- Stroke and Chagas' disease -- Demographic features and stroke risk factors -- Ischemic stroke subtypes -- Cardiac investigation in patients with Chagas' disease and stroke -- Brain imaging and transcranial Doppler in Chagas' disease patients with stroke -- Treatment of Chagas' disease patients with stroke -- REFERENCES -- 15 STROKE IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HIV -- Introduction -- Is there an increased risk of stroke in patients infected with HIV? -- Possible mechanisms of the increased stroke risk -- Prothrombotic states -- Secondary causes of stroke -- HIV-associated vasculopathy and vasculitis -- Small-vessel HIV-associated vasculopathy -- Large- and medium-vessel HIV-associated vasculopathy -- Large- and medium-vessel HIV-associated vasculopathy in adults -- Approach to stroke therapy in a patient that is found to be HIV positive or has AIDS -- Conclusions -- Small vessel HIV-associated vasculopathy -- Large- and medium-vessel HIV-associated vasculopathy -- REFERENCES -- PART II: HEREDITARY AND GENETIC CONDITIONS AND MALFORMATIONS -- 16 PULMONARY ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS -- Introduction -- Pathology -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis and etiology -- Clinical features -- Diagnosis -- Shunt fraction measurement -- Chest radiography -- CT, MRI -- Pulmonary angiography -- Contrast echocardiography -- Radionuclide perfusion lung scanning -- Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography -- Transpleural Doppler ultrasound -- Treatment -- Surgery -- Embolization therapy -- Prevention -- Dedication -- REFERENCES -- 17 HEREDITARY HEMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA (OSLER-WEBER-RENDU DISEASE) -- Pathogenesis -- Pathology.

Extraneurological features -- Nasal and mucocutaneous telangiectases -- Gastrointestinal involvement -- Pulmonary manifestations -- Neurological features -- Neurological complications due to PAVMs -- Hemorrhagic neurological complications -- Diagnosis criteria -- Treatment of neurological complications and practical considerations -- REFERENCES -- 18 CEREBRAL AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT ARTERIOPATHY WITH SUBCORTICAL INFARCTS AND LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY (CADASIL) -- Introduction -- Clinical manifestations -- Imaging investigations -- Pathology -- Genetics -- Diagnosis and treatment -- REFERENCES -- 19 CEREBROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF FABRY'S DISEASE -- Introduction -- Early diagnostic features -- Clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular disease -- Neuroradiologic findings -- Cerebrovascular pathology -- Ischemic cerebrovascular disease -- Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia -- Intracerebral hemorrhage -- Outcome -- Management -- Future directions -- Acknowledgment -- REFERENCES -- 20 MARFAN'S SYNDROME -- Clinical features -- Skeletal system -- Ocular system -- Cardiovascular system -- Other findings -- The cerebral complications of Marfan's syndrome -- Dissection of the ascending aorta, and the carotid and vertebral arteries -- Embolic mechanisms -- Other neurological complications of Marfan's syndrome -- Diagnostic considerations -- Prognosis and treatment -- The future -- REFERENCES -- 21 PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM -- Introduction -- Prevalence and inheritance -- Clinical findings and organ involvement -- Skin -- Eye -- Heart -- Gastrointestinal tract -- Aorta and peripheral blood vessels -- Cerebrovascular disease -- REFERENCES -- 22 EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME -- Aneurysms -- Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas -- Arterial Dissections -- Summary -- REFERENCES -- 23 PROGERIA -- Introduction -- Genetics of progeroid syndromes -- Clinical findings of progeria.

Clinical features of Werner syndrome -- Other progeroid syndromes -- Treatment -- REFERENCES -- 24 MELAS AND OTHER MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS -- Introduction -- Clinical presentation -- Brain imaging -- Stroke in other mitochondrial syndromes -- Diagnostic evaluation -- Treatment -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 25 STURGE-WEBER SYNDROME -- Introduction -- Cutaneous manifestations -- Ophthalmologic findings -- Neurologic manifestations -- Mechanisms of neurological deterioration -- Diagnostic evaluation -- Pathology -- Treatment -- REFERENCES -- 26 VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE -- Introduction -- Genetics -- Clinical classification of VHL disease -- Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of VHL disease -- Genetic testing for VHL disease -- Clinical presentation -- Diagnostic investigations -- Proposal for apparently sporadic CNS HB -- Stroke and VHL -- Hemorrhage and management -- Prognosis -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- 27 ANEURYSMS -- Overview -- Saccular aneurysms -- Gender and age at rupture -- Familial aneurysms -- Multiplicity -- Natural history -- Ruptured -- Unruptured -- Clinical syndromes -- SAH -- Intracerebral hemorrhage -- Intraventricular hemorrhage -- Brain ischemia -- Mass effect -- Vasospasm -- Other aneurysms -- Infectious -- Fusiform -- Associated diseases -- Polycystic kidney disease -- Connective tissue disorders -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- 28 ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS OF THE BRAIN -- Introduction -- Natural history -- Clinical syndromes -- Intracerebral hemorrhage -- Subarachnoid hemorrhage -- Seizures -- Ischemia -- Migraine -- Headaches -- Increased intracranial pressure/venous hypertension -- Hydrocephalus -- Treatment considerations -- Imaging characteristics -- Patient-related factors -- AVM-related factors -- Surgeon-related factors -- Treatment options -- Embolization -- Surgery -- Radiosurgery -- Observation.

Conclusions.