Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Disclaimer -- Contents -- Foreword -- Overview and Scope -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Part I The Challenges -- 1 World Population and Pressures on Land, Water and Food Resources -- 1.1 POPULATION -- 1.2 DRYLAND AREAS -- 1.3 EXTENT OF HUMAN-INDUCED LAND DEGRADATION -- 1.4 WATER RESOURCES -- 1.4.1 Water Use -- 1.4.2 Climate Change and Water Resources -- Precipitation -- Soil Moisture -- Groundwater -- Streamflows -- Changes in Flood Frequency -- Climate Change and Water Resources Management -- 1.5 AGRICULTURAL LAND USE -- 1.6 FOOD AND FIBRE PRODUCTION -- 1.7 FEEDING THE WORLD POPULATION -- 1.8 WORLD WATER AND FOOD TO 2025 -- 1.9 CHALLENGE PROGRAM ON WATER AND FOOD -- 1.10 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 2 Issues in Inter-Basin Water Transfer -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS AND INTER-BASIN WATER TRANSFER -- 2.2.1 Topography -- 2.2.2 Geology -- 2.2.3 Hydrology -- Reservoir Sedimentation -- 2.2.4 Hydrogeology -- 2.3 PLANNING AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION -- 2.3.1 Engineering Issues -- 2.3.2 Role of Governments -- 2.4 ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS -- 2.4.1 Dams and Reservoirs -- 2.4.2 Irrigation and Drainage -- 2.4.3 Hydro-electric Power Generation and Transmission -- 2.4.4 Monitoring -- Monitoring of the Reservoirs and the Catchment -- Monitoring of the Irrigation Systems -- 2.4.5 Fluvial Geomorphology -- 2.4.6 Land Degradation -- 2.4.7 Soil Conservation -- 2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW REQUIREMENTS OF RIVERS -- 2.5.1 Holistic Methods -- 2.5.2 Basic Principles of Flow-Ecology Relationships -- 2.5.3 Environmental Flow Assessment in Australia -- Best Practice Framework -- 2.6 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ISSUES -- 2.6.1 Indigenous Peoples -- 2.6.2 Cultural Properties -- 2.6.3 Involuntary Resettlement -- 2.6.4 New Land Settlement -- 2.6.5 Induced Development.

2.7 ECONOMIC APPRAISAL -- 2.8 WATER RIGHTS -- 2.8.1 Water Rights and Water Legislations in Australia -- 2.9 CONFLICTS AND THEIR RESOLUTION -- 2.9.1 Examples of Agreements and Treaties -- 2.9.2 Conflict Resolution in Inter-Basin Water Transfer -- 2.10 INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT AND MODELLING -- 2.11 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Part II Inter-basin Water Transfer in Australia -- 3 Land and Water Resources of Australia -- 3.1 GEOGRAPHY -- 3.2 POPULATION -- 3.3 CLIMATE -- 3.3.1 Temperature -- 3.3.2 Rainfall -- 3.3.3 Evaporation -- 3.4 CLIMATE CHANGE -- 3.4.1 Climate Change Impacts -- 3.5 DROUGHT -- 3.6 FLOOD -- 3.7 SOIL RESOURCES -- 3.8 AGRICULTURAL LAND USE -- 3.8.1 Irrigated Land -- 3.8.2 Share of Agriculture in Australian Economy -- 3.9 WATER RESOURCES -- 3.9.1 Surface Water -- 3.9.2 Groundwater -- 3.9.3 Water Use -- 3.9.4 Price of Water -- 3.10 ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION -- 3.10.1 Land Clearing -- 3.10.2 Salinity -- 3.10.3 Acid Sulphate Soils -- 3.10.4 Other Forms of Land Degradation -- 3.10.5 Loss of Biodiversity -- 3.10.6 Water Quality Deterioration -- 3.11 MANAGEMENT REFORMS AND PROGRAMMES -- 3.11.1 Cap on Surface Water Development in the Murray-Darling Basin (1995) -- 3.11.2 Environmental Flows for the River Murray -- 3.12 ESTIMATES OF FUTURE WATER REQUIREMENTS -- 3.12.1 The Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering Estimates -- 3.12.2 The 2001 CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Estimates -- 3.12.3 The 2002 CSIRO-DIMIA Estimates -- 3.12.4 The 2002 CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Estimates -- 3.13 NATIONAL WATER INITIATIVE -- 3.14 POTENTIAL ROLE OF INTER-BASIN WATER TRANSFER -- 3.15 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 4 The Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Scheme -- 4.1 LOCATION -- 4.2 HYDROLOGY -- 4.3 DECLINE IN PRECIPITATION -- 4.4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- 4.5 SNOWY MOUNTAINS ACT -- 4.6 COST OF THE SCHEME -- 4.7 TECHNICAL FEATURES OF THE SCHEME.

4.8 WATER RELEASES -- 4.9 ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION -- 4.10 WORKFORCE -- 4.11 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE SCHEME -- 4.12 CORPORATISATION OF THE SCHEME -- 4.13 THE SNOWY WATER INQUIRY -- 4.14 THE ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW AGREEMENT -- 4.15 PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT PROJECT -- 4.16 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 5 Inter-Basin Water Transfer from Coastal Basins of New South Wales -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE NORTH COAST RIVER BASINS -- 5.2.1 Coastal Lakes -- 5.2.2 Oyster Industry -- 5.3 PROPOSED DIVERSION SCHEMES -- 5.3.1 Pre-1982 Proposed Diversion Schemes -- Assumptions for Capital Cost Estimations -- Clarence River Basin -- More Favourable Schemes -- Macleay River Basin -- Manning River Basin -- Tuross River Basin -- More Favourable Diversion Schemes from the Macleay, Manning, and Tuross Basins -- Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Diversion Schemes -- 5.3.2 Post-1982 Proposed Diversion Schemes -- The Newton Boyd Scheme -- The Water Research Foundation of Australia's Scheme -- The White Scheme -- 5.4 THE SCOPING STUDY -- 5.5 CLEARANCE SCHEME AND WATER SUPPLY OF ADELAIDE -- 5.6 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 6 The Bradfield and Reid Schemes in Queensland -- SECTION A: THE BRADFIELD SCHEME -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 WATER AVAILABILITY -- 6.3 OUTLINE OF THE BRADFIELD SCHEME -- 6.4 COSTS AND BENEFITS OF THE SCHEME -- 6.5 THE 1947 REVIEW OF THE SCHEME -- 6.5.1 Water Availability for Diversion -- 6.5.2 The Tully Dam -- 6.5.3 The Diversion Conduit to Blunder Creek -- 6.5.4 The Herbert Dam -- 6.5.5 The Herbert-Burdekin Tunnel -- 6.5.6 The Hell's Gates Dam -- 6.5.7 The Tunnel Under the Main Divide -- 6.5.8 Storage on the Flinders River -- 6.5.9 Diversion from Flinders to Thomson -- 6.5.10 Distribution of Water in West Queensland -- 6.5.11 Cost of the Scheme -- 6.6 THE EXPANDED BRADFIELD SCHEME.

6.6.1 Climatic Impacts of the Expanded Bradfield Scheme -- 6.7 THE 1982 REVIEW OF THE SCHEME -- 6.7.1 Land Resources -- 6.7.2 Potential Crops -- 6.7.3 Industrial/Urban Water Demand -- 6.7.4 Available Water Resources -- 6.7.5 Engineering Aspects of Inter-Basin Water Transfer -- 6.7.6 Estimates of Costs and Benefits -- 6.8 BRADFIELD SCHEME AND WATER SUPPLY OF ADELAIDE -- SECTION B: THE REID SCHEME -- 6.9 INTRODUCTION -- 6.10 DESCRIPTION OF THE SCHEME -- 6.11 COST OF THE SCHEME -- 6.12 EXPECTED BENEFITS OF THE SCHEME -- 6.13 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Further Reading -- 7 Three Schemes for Flooding Lake Eyre -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LAKE EYRE BASIN -- 7.2.1 Geology -- 7.2.2 Lake Level Fluctuations and Environmental Changes -- 7.2.3 Reconstruction of Late Quaternary Palaeohydrology of Lake Eyre -- 7.2.4 Climate -- 7.2.5 Water Resources -- 7.2.6 Flooding History of Lake Eyre -- 7.2.7 Modelling of the Flooding Events -- 7.3 PORT AUGUSTA-LAKE EYRE CANAL SCHEME -- 7.4 THE GREAT BOOMERANG SCHEME -- 7.5 FLOODING LAKE EYRE WITH WATERS OF THE GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN -- 7.6 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Further Reading -- Websites For a Limited Number of Waterfalls in Queensland -- 8 The Goldfields Pipeline Scheme of Western Australia -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 WATER SHORTAGE -- 8.3 PIPELINE PROPOSALS -- 8.3.1 Coolgardie Goldfields Water Supply Loan Bill -- 8.3.2 Technical Features of the Pipeline Scheme -- 8.3.3 Critical Examination of the Scheme in London -- 8.3.4 Cost Estimate of the Scheme -- 8.3.5 Opposition to the Scheme and O'Connor -- 8.3.6 Construction of the Scheme -- 8.3.7 Opening of the Scheme -- 8.3.8 Controversy over the Originator of the Scheme -- 8.3.9 Expansion of the Scheme -- 8.4 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 9 Supplying Perth, Western Australia with Water: The Kimberley Pipeline Scheme -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION.

9.2 WATER CONSERVATION STRATEGY -- 9.3 LONG-TERM WATER SUPPLY OPTIONS FOR PERTH -- 9.4 PERTH'S WATER SUPPLY OPTIONS -- 9.5 INTER-BASIN WATER TRANSFER FROM KIMBERLEY -- 9.5.1 Water in the Kimberley Region -- 9.5.2 The Binnie & Partners Study of the Kimberley Pipeline -- Economic Evaluation of Pipeline Options -- Evaluation of Alternative Routes -- 9.5.3 The Infrastructure Development Corporation Study of the Kimberley Pipeline -- Capital and Operating Cost Estimates -- Conclusions of the IDC Study -- 9.5.4 National Water Pipeline Scheme -- 9.5.5 Kimberley Aqueduct Scheme -- 9.5.6 The environmental study of the Kimberley pipeline scheme -- 9.5.7 GHD Studies of the Kimberley Pipeline -- 9.6 BULK WATER TRANSPORT BY SHIP FROM KIMBERLEY TO PERTH -- 9.7 SEAWATER DESALINATION FOR PERTH'S WATER SUPPLY -- 9.8 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Further Reading -- 10 Other Schemes in Australia -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- SECTION A: RIVER MURRAY PIPELINES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA -- 10.2 INTRODUCTION -- 10.3 MORGAN-WHYALLA PIPELINES -- 10.4 MANNUM-ADELAIDE PIPELINE -- 10.5 SWAN REACH-PASKEVILLE PIPELINE -- 10.6 TAILEM BEND-KEITH PIPELINE -- 10.7 MURRAY BRIDGE-ONKAPARINGA PIPELINE -- SECTION B: MAREEBA-DIMBULAH IRRIGATION SCHEME, QUEENSLAND -- 10.8 INTRODUCTION -- 10.9 HISTORY OF THE SCHEME -- 10.10 AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT -- 10.11 WATER ALLOCATION AND WATER USE -- 10.12 POWER GENERATION AND TOWN WATER SUPPLY -- 10.13 WATER QUALITY ISSUES OF THE TINAROO FALLS LAKE -- 10.14 BARRON WATER RESOURCES PLAN -- 10.15 POSSIBILITIES FOR FUTURE EXPANSION -- 10.16 IMPACTS OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT -- SECTION C: DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY IN NORTH QUEENSLAND -- 10.17 WATER SUPPLY FROM EUNGELLA DAM -- 10.18 PIPELINES FOR WATER SUPPLY OF TOWNSVILLE AND THURINGOWA -- 10.19 PIPELINE TO BOWEN AREA -- SECTION D: WATER SUPPLY TO THE BROKEN HILL MINES AND TOWNSHIP, NEW SOUTH WALES.

10.20 INTRODUCTION.