Sustainable Use of Wood in Construction -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Some Things You Should Know About Wood, Trees and Forests -- 1.1 Some basic information on how trees grow -- 1.2 Basic tree types - softwoods and hardwoods -- 1.3 The properties of timbers -- 1.4 Different forests and tree types -- 1.5 Rate of growth -- 1.6 Natural forests -- 1.7 Managed forests: Conifers -- 1.8 Managed forests - broadleaves -- 1.8.1 Temperate forests -- 1.8.2 Tropical forests -- 1.8.3 Plantations -- 2 The Concept of Being 'Sustainable' -- 2.1 Being sustainable: A definition and a target -- 2.2 What can we do to help? -- 2.2.1 Where wood is used in our lives -- 2.3 Using the forest resource: The economic argument -- 2.3.1 'Illegal logging' -- 2.4 Legal harvesting -- 2.5 The Timber Trade Federation: Introducing its responsible purchasing policy -- 3 Voluntary Timber Certification Schemes -- 3.1 Some further details on the RPP -- 3.2 Checking legality - I: The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) -- 3.3 Checking legality - II: FLEGT -- 3.4 Going beyond FLEGT: MYTLAS -- 3.5 Checking legality - III: Other 'legality' certification schemes -- 3.5.1 TLTV -- 3.5.2 OLB -- 3.6 Checking sustainability: Chain of Custody Certification -- 3.7 FSC and PEFC as Chain of Custody Certifiers -- 3.8 Other Chain of Custody Certification bodies -- 3.9 UKWAS -- 3.10 Third-party assurance -- 3.11 How Chain of Custody schemes operate -- 4 The UK Government and European Regulations : Legally Trading in World Timbers -- 4.1 Checking up on the checkers: The role of CPET -- 4.2 CPET 's help with legality and sustainability requirements -- 4.3 Legality and sustainability: The UK government's definitions -- 4.4 Legal timber sources - the UK government's definition -- 4.5 Sustainable timber sources - the UK government's definition.

4.6 Category A and Category B - 'Proof of Compliance' -- 4.7 Current and future supplies of certified timber -- 4.8 The EUTR: Europe's new and compulsory 'timber legality scheme' -- 4.9 The meaning of 'due diligence' -- 4.10 Satisfying the EUTR -- 4.10.1 Putting together a due diligence system -- 4.10.2 Maintaining the due diligence system -- 4.11 Who actually needs to obey the EUTR ? -- 4.12 The 'first placer on the market' -- 4.13 CE marking and the CPR -- 4.14 CITES: What exactly is it? -- 4.14.1 CITES I -- 4.14.2 CITES II -- 4.14.3 CITES III -- 4.14.4 CITES -listed timbers -- 5 Specifying Sustainable Timber for any Project: Some Important Dos and Don'ts -- With a Bit More About Wood -- 5.1 Using wood in a sustainable way -- 5.2 The government's Timber Procurement Policy (TPP): A brief reminder -- 5.3 Certificates -- 5.3.1 Checking up on the C-o-C -- 5.3.2 'Broken chain' -- 5.4 What if I can't get the timber I want? -- 5.5 The use of recycled timber -- 5.6 Insisting on a particular Chain of Custody 'brand' for your certified timber -- 5.7 Deciding which wood to use -- 5.7.1 Where it's used: indoors or outdoors -- 5.7.2 Moisture content -- 5.7.3 Preservative treatment -- 5.7.4 Stability -- 5.7.5 What it's going to be used for: structural, joinery, fencing, furniture -- 5.7.6 Finishes -- 5.8 Some of wood's other characteristics -- 5.8.1 Colour -- 5.8.2 Texture -- 6 Some Principal Softwoods Used in Construction in the UK: With Their Main Properties and Sustainability Credentials -- 6.1.1 European redwood (Pinus sylvestris) -- 6.1.2 European whitewood (principally Picea abies) -- 6.1.3 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) -- 6.1.4 Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) -- 6.1.5 'Douglas fir' (Pseudotsuga menziesii) -- 6.1.6 Larch (mainly Larix decidua and L. kaempferi/ L. leptolepis) -- 6.1.7 'Western red cedar' (Thuja plicata).

6.1.8 Southern pine (Pinus spp - principally Pinus elliottii and P. palustris) -- 6.1.9 Yellow pine (Pinus strobus) -- 6.1.10 Species groups -- 6.1.11 Spruce-pine-fir -- 6.1.12 Hem-fir -- 6.1.13 Douglas fir-larch -- 7 A Selection of Hardwoods Used in the UK: With Their Main Properties and Sustainability Credentials -- 7.1.1 'Vulnerable' timbers -- 7.1.2 Ash, American (Fraxinus spp) -- 7.1.3 Ash, European (Fraxinus excelsior) -- 7.1.4 Ayan (Distemonanthus benthamianus) -- 7.1.5 Basralocus (Dicorynia guianensis & D. paraensis) -- 7.1.6 Beech, European (Fagus sylvatica) -- 7.1.7 Bilinga: see Opepe -- 7.1.8 Birch, European (mainly Betula pubescens) -- 7.1.9 Cherry, American (Prunus serotina) -- 7.1.10 Chestnut, sweet (Castanea sativa) -- 7.1.11 Cupiuba, see Kabukalli -- 7.1.12 Ekki (Lophira alata) -- 7.1.13 Eucalyptus: see 'Red grandis' -- 7.1.14 Eveuss (Klainedoxa gabonensis) -- 7.1.15 Gedu nohor (Entandrophragma angolense) -- 7.1.16 Greenheart (Ocotea rodiaei) -- 7.1.17 Guariuba (Clarisia racemosa) -- 7.1.18 Idigbo (Terminalia ivorensis) -- 7.1.19 Iroko (Milicia excelsa) -- 7.1.20 Kabukalli (Goupia glabra) -- 7.1.21 Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.) -- 7.1.22 Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) -- 7.1.23 Mahogany, African (Khaya ivorensis and K. anthotheca) -- 7.1.24 Mahogany, American (Swietenia macrophylla) -- 7.1.25 Maple (Acer saccharum) -- 7.1.26 Majau (Shorea spp) -- 7.1.27 Massaranduba (Manilkara spp.) -- 7.1.28 Meranti (Shorea spp.) -- 7.1.29 Missanda (Erythrophleum guineense and E. ivorense) -- 7.1.30 Movingui: see ayan -- 7.1.31 Oak, American Red (principally Quercus rubra and Q. falcata) -- 7.1.32 Oak, American white (principally Quercus alba, Q. prinus, Q. lyrata and Q. michauxii) -- 7.1.33 Oak, European (mainly Quercus robur) -- 7.1.34 Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) -- 7.1.35 Opepe (Nauclea diderrichii) -- 7.1.36 Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii).

7.1.37 'Red grandis' (Eucalyptus grandis) -- 7.1.38 Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum) -- 7.1.39 Tatajuba (Bagassa guianensis) -- 7.1.40 Teak (Tectona grandis) -- 7.1.41 Tali: see Missanda -- 7.1.42 Tiama: see Gedu nohor -- 7.1.43 Tulipwod: see whitewood, American (that is in this chapter, under hardwoods, it is not 'whitewood' the softwood!) -- 7.1.44 Utile (Entandrophragma utile) -- 7.1.45 Walnut, American (Juglans nigra) -- 7.1.46 Walnut, European (Juglans regia) -- 7.1.47 Whitewood, American, or tulipwood (Liriodendron tulipifera) -- 8 Re-use of Timber and Wood Products: The Carbon Cycle, End of Life Disposal and Biomass -- 8.1 The true 'carbon cycle' -- 8.2 End of life disposal of timber and wood-based products -- 8.3 Recycled timber -- 8.4 Disposal of timber in landfill -- 8.5 Burning wood: Fossil fuels versus biomass -- 8.6 Biomass -- 9 Energy Considerations and Construction Materials -- 9.1 Embodied energy -- 9.2 Cradle to grave analysis -- 9.3 Cradle to cradle -- 9.4 BREEAM -- 9.4.1 Assessment criteria -- 9.4.2 Timber's contribution to sustainable building -- 9.4.3 The cost of being sustainable -- Appendix 1 Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in this Book -- Appendix 2 Timber and Wood Products: Some Helpful Organisations -- Index.