Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Chapter 1 Physicochemical Foundations -- 1.1 GENERALITIES -- 1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF SOLVENTS -- 1.3 SOLVENTS IN THE WORKPLACE AND THE ENVIRONMENT -- 1.4 SOME ESSENTIAL THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS: TENDENCY AND RATE -- 1.5 EQUILIBRIUM CONSIDERATIONS -- 1.6 THERMODYNAMIC TRANSFER FUNCTIONS -- 1.7 KINETIC CONSIDERATIONS: COLLISION THEORY -- 1.8 TRANSITION-STATE THEORY -- 1.9 REACTIONS IN SOLUTION -- 1.10 DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED REACTIONS -- 1.11 REACTION IN SOLUTION AND THE TRANSITION-STATE THEORY -- PROBLEMS -- Chapter 2 Unreactive Solvents -- 2.1 INTERMOLECULAR POTENTIALS -- 2.2 ACTIVITY AND EQUILIBRIUM IN NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS -- 2.3 KINETIC SOLVENT EFFECTS -- 2.4 SOLVENT POLARITY -- 2.5 ELECTROSTATIC FORCES -- 2.6 ELECTROLYTES IN SOLUTION -- 2.7 SOLVATION -- 2.8 SINGLE ION SOLVATION -- 2.9 IONIC ASSOCIATION -- 2.10 SOLVENT MIXTURES -- 2.11 SALT EFFECTS -- PROBLEMS -- Chapter 3 Reactive Solvents -- 3.1 SPECIFIC SOLUTE/SOLVENT INTERACTIONS -- 3.2 HYDROGEN BONDING -- 3.3 ACIDS AND BASES IN SOLVENTS -- 3.4 BRØNSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES -- 3.5 ACIDITY FUNCTIONS -- 3.6 ACIDS AND BASES IN KINETICS -- 3.6.1 Mechanisms -- 3.6.2 General Acid-Base Catalysis and Brønsted Relationships -- 3.6.3 Solvent-Effect Studies on the Alpha Effect -- 3.6.4 The Kinetic Isotope Effect -- 3.7 LEWIS ACIDS AND BASES -- 3.8 HARD AND SOFT ACIDS AND BASES (HSAB) -- 3.9 SCALES OF HARDNESS OR SOFTNESS -- 3.10 ACIDS AND BASES IN REACTIVE APROTIC SOLVENTS -- 3.11 EXTREMES OF ACIDITY AND BASICITY -- 3.12 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION -- 3.13 ACIDITY/REDOX DIAGRAMS -- 3.14 UNIFICATION OF ACID-BASE AND REDOX CONCEPTS -- PROBLEMS -- Chapter 4 Chemometrics: Solvent Effects and Statistics -- 4.1 LINEAR FREE ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS.

4.2 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN EMPIRICAL PARAMETERS AND OTHER MEASURABLE SOLVENT PROPERTIES -- 4.3 REPRESENTATION OF CORRELATION DATA ON THE HEMISPHERE -- 4.4 SOME PARTICULAR CASES -- 4.5 ACIDITY AND BASICITY PARAMETERS -- 4.6 BASE SOFTNESS PARAMETERS -- 4.7 CONCLUSION -- Chapter 5 Theories of Solvent Effects -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION: MODELING -- 5.2 QUANTUM-MECHANICAL METHODS -- 5.2.1 Ab Initio Methods -- 5.2.2 Semiempirical Methods -- 5.2.3 Density-Functional Theory -- 5.3 STATISTICAL-MECHANICAL METHODS -- 5.3.1 MC Method -- 5.3.2 Molecular Dynamics -- 5.4 INTEGRAL EQUATION THEORIES -- 5.5 SOLVATION CALCULATIONS -- 5.6 SOME RESULTS -- 5.6.1 Microsolvation -- 5.6.2 A Classic Reaction: The SN2 Reaction, Gas-Phase versus Solution -- 5.6.3 Solvatochromism: Theoretical Calculations -- 5.6.4 Solvation of Organic Molecules -- 5.6.5 Bimolecular Reactions: Correcting for Suppressed Translational and Rotational Entropies -- 5.6.6 Hydrophobic Solvation -- 5.6.7 Solvation of Small Molecules -- PROBLEMS -- Chapter 6 Dipolar Aprotic Solvents -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 ACIDITIES IN DMSO AND THE H-SCALE IN DMSO-H2O MIXTURES -- 6.3 USE OF THERMODYNAMIC TRANSFER FUNCTIONS -- 6.4 CLASSIFICATION OF RATE PROFILE-MEDIUM EFFECT REACTION TYPES -- 6.5 BIMOLECULAR NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION -- 6.6 PROTON TRANSFER -- 6.7 D2-HO− EXCHANGE -- PROBLEMS -- Chapter 7 Examples of Other Solvent Classes -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 ACIDIC SOLVENTS -- 7.2.1 An Acidic Solvent -- Hydrogen Fluoride -- 7.2.2 Reactions in Hydrogen Fluoride -- 7.2.3 Electrochemistry in Hydrogen Fluoride -- 7.2.4 Some Other Acid Solvents -- 7.3 BASIC SOLVENTS -- 7.3.1 A Basic Solvent: Ammonia -- 7.3.2 A Basic Solvent: Pyridine -- 7.4 CHIRAL SOLVENTS -- Chapter 8 New Solvents and Green Chemistry -- 8.1 NEOTERIC SOLVENTS -- 8.2 SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS -- 8.2.1 Carbon Dioxide -- 8.2.2 Water -- 8.3 IONIC LIQUIDS.

8.3.1 Reactions in Ionic Liquids -- 8.4 LOW-TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE MIXTURES -- 8.5 BIO-BASED SOLVENTS -- 8.6 FLUOROUS SOLVENTS -- 8.7 SWITCHABLE SOLVENTS -- 8.8 GREEN SOLVENT CHEMISTRY -- Chapter 9 Concluding Observations -- 9.1 CHOOSING A SOLVENT -- 9.2 ENVOI -- Appendix: (Tables listing parameters, selected values) -- Answers -- CHAPTER 1 -- CHAPTER 2 -- CHAPTER 3 -- CHAPTER 6 -- References -- Index -- Supplemental Images -- EULA.