Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Overview -- Introduction -- Part One -- Expenditures on Higher Education in Francophone Africa: Status and Trends -- I. Changes in Public Expenditure on Higher Education -- I.1. VARIED CONTEXTS: COUNTRIES IN FRANCOPHONE AFRICA ARE NOT FACING THE SAME MACROECONOMIC AND BUDGETARY CONSTRAINTS -- 1.2. EDUCATION COVERAGE DOES NOT ALWAYS REFLECT THE BUDGETARY EFFORT IN FAVOR OF HIGHER EDUCATION -- II. Dynamics and Structure of Public Expenditure per student -- II.1. Level and Change Over Time of Average Unit Expenditure -- II.1.2. Unit expenditure is particularly high in some countries -- II.1.3. Costliness of education curtails the growth of education systems if important sources of financing are not available -- II.1.4. Unit expenditure has been falling in Francophone Africa for the last 15 years -- II.2. Structure of Unit Expenditure in Francophone African Countries -- II.2.1. The structure of public unit expenditure varies with each country -- II.2.2. Detailed analysis of unit expenditures -- II.2.3. Comparison of the structure of public expenditures for highereducation to that in the other education levels -- II.3. Differentiating Unit Expenditure by Type of Institution -- II.3.1. Public expenditure per student varies across institutions -- II.3.2. Unit expenditure also varies with the field of study -- III. Level of Household Contributions for Higher Education -- III.1. Important Role of the Private Sector in Higher Education Services Offering -- III.2. Overview of Household Expenditures on Higher Education -- Part Two -- Perspectives for Developing Higher Education in Francophone Africa According to a Budgetary Sustainability Logic -- I. Expanding Systems on the Basis of Current Policies is not Financially Sustainable -- I.1. A High Social Demand that should Continue to Grow.

I.2. Current Rates of Development will not be Financially Sustainable in most Francophone African Countries -- II. Alternatives to the Status Quo -- II.1. From Budget Reallocations to Student Flow Regulation -- II.2. Other Policy Tools -- II.2.1. From resource diversification (public/private financing)... -- II.2.2.…To efficiency gains in higher education services delivery -- II.3. Taking Account of the Cost-Effectiveness Ratio of Short Professional Training Programs -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Methodological Approach to Medium-Term Higher Education Strategic Planning -- A.1. How to Construct a Decision-Making Aid Simulation Model to Define Financially Sustainable Policies -- A.2. Components of a Decision-Making Aid Simulation Model -- A.3. Using the Simulation Model -- Appendix B. Statistical Tables -- Index.