Title page -- Copyright page -- Executive Summary -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Employment and income implications of a move to a green economy -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Environmental sustainability and economic growth: Issues and considerations -- B. Employment and social dimensions of climate change -- References -- Box -- 1.1 The links between GHG emissions and human activities -- 1.2 Decent work and environmental sustainability: Definitions, issues and considerations -- 1.3 Employment and skill levels in carbon-intensive sectors -- Figure -- 1.1 Productivity loss resulting from further increases in GHG compared to the baseline -- 1.2 Schematic relationships between total employment, green jobs and decent work -- 1.3 Impact of a green economy on the volume of employment -- 1.4 Share of income spent on energy expressed as a ratio of poorest quintile to richest quintile in Latin America -- 1.5 Shares of global GHG emissions by sectors -- Table -- 1.1 Overview of estimates of cost of inaction on climate change -- 1.2 Average annual expenditure on energy as a share of total expenditures, United States, 1982-2004 -- 1.3 Share of energy spending in household budgetsin Eastern Europe and Central Asia -- 1.4 Global direct employment figures and percentages by sector -- 1.5 Employment shares per sector, 2008 -- 1.6 Employment shares and skill level in carbon-intensive sectors -- Chapter 2 Agriculture -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Technical and policy options for greening agriculture -- B. Impacts of greening on employment and incomes in agriculture -- C. Examples of good practices -- D. Social and labour: Issues and challenges -- E. Conclusions and way forward -- References -- Box -- 2.1 Empirical evidence of yield increases from greening agriculture in developing countries.

2.2 Low-carbon agriculture in Brazil -- 2.3 Employment benefits of organic cotton and sugarcane in India -- 2.4 The case of Uganda -- 2.5 Plugging into the global value chain -- 2.6 Indian National Rural Employment Guarantee (NREGA) scheme -- 2.7 A cooperative for sustainable production of coffee: The case of Ethiopia -- Figure -- 2.1 The contribution of the sector to the global GDP and employment -- 2.2 NREGA employment by type of activity, 2009 -- Table -- 2.1 Labour requirements in organic and traditional production in India -- 2.2 Incomes of organic farmers in the United Kingdom during and after conversion -- 2.3 Total employment and investment in NREGA -- Chapter 3 Forestry -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Technical and policy optionsfor greening the sector -- B. Impacts on employment andincomes -- C. Good social and labour practices in greening the sector -- D. Social and labour: Challenges and issues -- E. Conclusions and way forward -- References -- Figure -- 3.1 Formal employment in forestry (FTE) subsectors -- 3.2 Employment status in 2010 of forest workers laid off after the logging ban in 1998 -- 3.3 Share of employment (chart above) and income (chart below) in sectors and subsectors of Brazil -- Table -- 3.1 People dependent on forests for employment,income and livelihood -- 3.2 Regional distribution of jobs and estimated green jobs in the forest industries -- 3.3 Employment multipliers in forestry broad and core sectors, EU-27 (2000) -- 3.4 Potential new jobs in sustainable management of forests and level of investment required -- 3.5 Plantation activities lead to employment growth in China (1999-2009) -- 3.6 Average earnings of occupations in forestry compared to the minimum wage (MW) of selected countries -- Box -- 3.1 The plantation of Allanblackia trees in the Novella Africa Initiative.

3.2 Sustainable agroforestry practice in Nicaragua from Alfred Ritter GmbH & Co. KG -- 3.3 The greening of a pulp and paper mill in the United States -- Chapter 4 Fisheries -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Aligning fisheries with sustainable development -- B. Impacts of greening on employment and incomes in fishing -- C. Issues and challenges -- D. Conclusions and way forward -- References -- Figure -- 4.1 Global trend in fish consumption per capita by decade -- Table -- 4.1 Impacts of the introduction of artificial reefs -- Box -- 4.1 Norway's response to overfishing -- 4.2 Greening of the fishing value chain by a large retailer: Walmart's sustainable seafood initiative -- 4.3 Social protection and management of fish stocks in Brazil -- Chapter 5 Energy -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Energy: Greening of the sector -- B. Impacts of greening on employment and incomes in the energy sector -- C. Transition from conventional energy to renewable: Challenges and issues -- D. Job quality, skills and transition -- E. Conclusions and way forward -- References -- Table -- 5.1 Worldwide policies in support of renewable energy, 2005 and 2010 -- 5.2 Wind energy jobs per unit of capacity, Europe, 2009 -- 5.3 Estimated renewable energy employment worldwide in major economies (direct and indirect jobs) in 2009/10 (thousand jobs) -- 5.4 Direct and indirect renewable energy employment in India, 2009/10 and 2015/20 -- 5.5 Estimated biofuels employment in APEC states, 2008(thousand jobs) -- 5.6 European power sector employment (direct jobsin operations and maintenance), 2000, 2010and scenario for 2030 (thousand jobs) -- Figure -- 5.1 Comparison of job-years across technologies -- 5.2 Renewable energy employment in Europe, by energy source and country -- Box -- 5.1 Navarra: A wind power success story -- 5.2 Solar home systems in Bangladesh.

5.3 Indian biogas and biomass enterprises -- Chapter 6 Manufacturing -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Opportunities: Greening of the sector and its industries -- B. Impacts of greening on employment and incomes in manufacturing -- C. Examples of good practices at sector and enterprise level -- D. New skills and professional service requirements -- E. Conclusions and way forward -- References -- Box -- 6.1 Greening manufacturing through stakeholder dialogue - the Top Runner programme in Japan -- 6.2 Environmental and social life cycle assessments -- Figure -- 6.1 Share of steel production based on scrap, selected countries, 2006-10 (millions of tonnes) -- Table -- 6.1 Green jobs in selected US basic industries, 2010 -- 6.2 Estimated output and job impacts on European steel production with 10 per cent increased use of recycled materials -- 6.3 Estimated output and jobs due to take-up of energy efficiency and low-carbon technologies by energy intensiveindustries in Europe -- 6.4 Green jobs in the US electrical and electronics industries, 2010 -- 6.5 Estimated new jobs and savings in the United States due to enforcement of appliance and equipment efficiency standards -- Chapter 7 Recycling -- Main findings -- A. Greening recycling: benefits and policies -- B. Impacts of greening on employment and incomes -- C. Organization, inclusion and formalization -- D. Challenges -- E. Conclusions and way forward -- References -- Table -- 7.1 Environmental benefits of recycling -- 7.2 Metals' end-of-life recycling rates -- 7.3 Direct employment and payroll in the US recycling industry, 2001 -- 7.4 Comparison of materials recovery by the formal and informal sector, five cities -- 7.5 Number of waste pickers in selected developing country cities -- Box -- 7.1 Organization and integration of waste pickers in Brazil.

7.2 Improvements in earnings and social benefits -- 7.3 WEEE Recycle in India -- Chapter 8 Buildings -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Greening the building sector -- B. Emerging policy instruments for green building -- C. Impacts of greening on employment and quality of life -- D. Conclusions and way forward -- References -- Table -- 8.1 LEED certification outside the United States -- 8.2 Urban and slum populations in developing regions -- 8.3 Construction industry green employment, selected countries -- 8.4 US building energy efficiency retrofit impacts -- Box -- 8.1 Revitalizing the inner city of Johannesburg -- 8.2 Brazil: Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida-PMCMV (My House, My Life) -- 8.3 The employment benefits of green retrofitting in Hungary -- 8.4 Energy efficiency retrofits in Germany -- 8.5 Australia's GreenPlumber® -- Figure -- 8.1 Direct and indirect jobs in energy efficiency retrofits financed by Kf W loans and grants, Germany, 2005-10 -- Chapter 9 Transportation -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Greening of the sector and of enterprises -- B. Impacts of greening on employment -- C. Issues and challenges -- D. Conclusions and way forward -- References -- Table -- 9.1 Strategies and measures to reduce the environmental impact of transportation -- 9.2 Employment at leading rail-vehicle manufacturing companies -- 9.3 Estimated employment in global urban publictransport, 2009 -- 9.4 Employment and wages in the transportation sector, United States, 2010 -- Box -- 9.1 Air France KLM's fleet modernization and fuel efficiency -- 9.2 Cleaning up trucking at California's ports -- Figure -- 9.1 Public transport infrastructure employment in France, 2006-11 -- 9.2 Employment impacts of rising US light vehicle fuel efficiency: Annual fuel efficiency improvement scenarios, 2017-25 -- 9.3 Brazilian car production by fuel type, 1957-2010.

Chapter 10 Policy measures to ensure decent work and social inclusion.