Rural Transformation and Newfoundland and Labrador Diaspora: Grandparents, Grandparenting, Community and School Relations -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- PREFACE: The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Family -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS -- INTRODUCTION: Wanting to Voice One's Own Stories in Unsettling Conditions -- ABSTRACT -- THE SCOPE OF THIS BOOK -- Unsettling Impact of Globalization -- Globalization, Loss, Creativity, Imagination, Hope and New Opportunities -- Impetus to Conceive This Book -- Chapter Outline and Emerging Themes -- A Quick Overview of Changing and Multiple Roles of Grandparents -- What Do We Need to Do in Newfoundland and Labrador? -- (a) The education system -- (b) Envisioning diverse life styles available that could be sustainable -- (c) The existing programs that provide services to the seniors -- (d) Grandparents as Leaders -- (e) The value of small scale nuanced and community based research and implication of this type of research to the wellbeing of grandparents, families, communities and schools -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- PLACE, DIASPORA, NOSTALGIA, HOPE ,AND POSSIBILITIES -- RURAL NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR: The Personal and the Political in Sustaining Choices and Sustaining Communities -- Reflection Questions -- REFERENCES -- MEMOIRS FROM AWAY, A NEW FOUND LAND GIRLHOOD (AN EXCERPT) -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REMITTANCE, THE NEW WAY TO WORK IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR -- INTRODUCTION -- Background Stories of People Interviewed -- Work Scheduling -- Life on the Road -- Remittance Benefits for Families -- Remittance Benefits for Home Towns -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- ALBERTA'S OIL SAND WORKERS AND THE ROLE OF GRANDPARENTS -- Grandparents' Role from Their Son's Perspective -- Grandparents' Role -- Grandparents and Grandchildren Relationship -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS.

REFERENCES -- SENSE OF COMMUNITY AND COMMUNITY PROFILES: GRANDPARENTS AND GRANDPARENTING STYLES -- PROMINENCE OF GRANDPARENTS -- REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- THE ROLE OF GRANDPARENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY -- Understanding Community and the Role of Grandparents -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- GOAT ISLAND: Gone But Will Never Be Forgotten Grandparents as Contributors to Community & Community Culture -- The Role of Grandparenting -- The Good Ol' Days are Gone -- Goat Island Today -- Analysis of Goat Island -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- THE INFLUENCE OF GRANDPARENTS WITHIN FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- A GRANDMOTHER'S CONTRIBUTION TO COMMUNITY & COMMUNITY CULTURE -- About the Grandmother -- The Grandmother's Grandparents -- As a Grandparent Today -- Analysis of the Community over Time -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- GRANDPARENTS AS CONTRIBUTORS TO COMMUNITY AND COMMUNITY CULTURE -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- NAN "M" ABOUT CHURCHVILLE: BACK TO THE BASICS -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- GRANDPARENTS AND COMMUNITY -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- THE ROLE OF GRANDPARENTING: A Journey Through Time -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- VOICES OF GRANDPARENTS: COMMUNITY-FAMILY-SCHOOL RELATIONSHIPS -- NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR DIASPORA: Grandparents' Perceptions of Their Roles -- INTRODUCTION -- Research Question -- Background and Rationale -- Related Research -- Methodology -- Participants -- Data Collection -- Interviews -- Data Analysis -- The Voices of the Grandparents -- Grandparents as Backup and Support -- Grandparents as Teachers and Learners -- Grandparents as Friends -- CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS -- Significance of this Study -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- APPENDIX B -- Interview Questions -- REFERENCES.

PARENTING TWO GENERATIONS: Reflections and Discovery -- Pauline Becoming a Grandmother -- Marlene Becoming a Grandmother -- Pauline Remembering Grandparents -- Marlene Remembering Grandparents -- Nana Pauline -- Nana Marlene -- Reflection/Conclusion -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- THE FORGOTTEN CATALOGUE: Grandparenting, Learning and the Threat of Diaspora in Rural Newfoundland -- BEING BORN INTO STORIES -- Stepping Over Shadows -- Car Bonnets and the Eaton's Catalogue -- I'm all Right Where I'm to?, Migration and Hybrid Identities -- Where Else Can We Live But Days? -- Days -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- GRANDPARENTS PASSING LEGACIES THROUGH STORY TELLING AND ACTIVE LIVING -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- "IT'S WONDERFUL TO BE A NEWFOUNDLAND GRANDMOTHER": Keeping in Touch with Grandchildren in Person and Through Technology -- ABSTRACT -- Introduction -- VOICES -- My Own History with My Grandparents -- THE GRANDMOTHERS' VOICES -- "Audrey" -- "Lorna" -- THE GRANDCHILDREN'S VOICES -- Ciara (10): Audrey's Granddaughter -- Alyssa (21): Audrey's Granddaughter -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- RETURNING TO OUR ROOTS…VEGETABLES: Growing Your Own Food -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- APPENDIX A: Interview with Reg Stanford -- REFERENCES -- THE ROLE OF GRANDPARENTS -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- THE AFFECTS OF DIVORCE ON GRANDPARENTS: The Roles They Assume -- Grandparents as Parents -- Parenting Their Adult Child -- Hater or Peacekeeper -- Explainers -- CASE STUDY 1 -- Jenny -- CASE STUDY 2 -- Jill (Jenny's Grandmother) -- CASE STUDY 3 -- Sara -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- CONTRIBUTIONS OF GRANDPARENTS IN TODAY'S SOCIETY -- ABSTRACT -- INFORMAL INTERVIEWS -- Grandparent 1: Born in a Small Community in Newfoundland, at Home, in 1930 -- Grandparent 2: Born in Rural Newfoundland, at Home, in 1944.

Grandparent 3: Born in Small Community on the Burin Peninsula, 1955 -- Changes in Grandparents' Roles -- Changing Role of Grandparents within School and Community -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- SPECIAL THANK YOU -- THE DYNAMIC AND DIVERSE ROLES OF GRANDPARENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- Four Generations of Grandparents -- Shari's Perspective of Nan W. (Velma) -- Todd's Role as a Grandparent -- Susan's Role as a Grandparent -- GrandParenting: Pedagogy and Practice in Schools Today -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- GRANDPARENTS' ROLES IN CHANGING SCHOOLS, COMMUNITIES AND FAMILIES -- INTRODUCTION -- Method of Data Collection -- Review of the Literature -- Local Narratives -- Analysis -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- THE TIES THAT BIND: The Multi-faceted Role of Grandparents in the 21st Century -- INTRODUCTION -- What Does Family Literature Say? -- NARRATIVES OF GRANDPARENT PARTICIPANTS -- Interview Parameters -- Demographics of Grandparent Participants -- Grandparents' Childhood Memories -- Recollections of Parents -- Experiences as Parents -- Perceptions of Their Grandparents -- Contributions to Grandchildren -- Contributions to School and Community -- Challenges of Grandparent Caregivers -- Interview Analysis -- REFLECTIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- SUPPORTING ROLES OF GRANDPARENTS IN HOLDING THE FAMILY TOGETHER -- INTRODUCTION -- THE GRANDPARENTS -- Megan -- Gary & Daphne -- Alma -- The Role of Grandparents -- Challenges to Family Life -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX -- Grandparents Interview Protocol -- Personal Information -- Personal History -- Family -- Grandparenting -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCE -- THE INCREASED ROLE OF GRANDPARENTS IN NEWFOUNDLAND FAMILIES -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- GRANDPARENTS' ROLES IN SCHOOL, COMMUNITY AND FAMILIES.

REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- GRANDPARENTS RAISING GRANDCHILDREN: What the Smith Grandparents Have to Say -- INTRODUCTION -- Aim of Chapter -- Literature Review -- What the Smith Grandparents Have to Say -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- APPENDIX A -- Interview Questions -- REFERENCES -- THE ROLE OF GRANDPARENTS -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- THE ROLE OF GRANDPARENTS IN TODAY'S SOCIETY -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- GRANDPARENTS' ROLE IN THEIR GRANDCHILDREN'S EDUCATION -- Grandparenting Styles -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTIONS -- APPENDIX -- Interview Questions -- REFERENCE -- GRANDPARENTING IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR -- ABSTRACT -- Grandparenting in Newfoundland and Labrador -- Section One: Idealism and Reality -- Child Rearing Practices -- Physical Proximity and Relationships -- Testing Continuity -- CONCLUSION -- REFLECTION QUESTION -- REFERENCES -- FROM FEELING OF CULTURAL LOSS TO NOSTALGIA TO AGENCY (PRAXIS) FOR SUSTAINING HOME AND PLACE -- MAKING SENSE: Sustainability, Values, Practices and Transforming the Communities We Want -- REFERENCES -- FUTURE NEWFOUNDLAND GRANDPARENTS: "Imagine That" -- ABSTRACT -- Our Version of Things to Stand -- The Context: Where I Come From -- Who are Future Newfoundland and Labrador Grandparents? -- Voices of would- be Newfoundland and Labrador Grandparents and the Significance of the Social Self -- Categorizing the Voices of Future Newfoundland and Labrador Grandparents -- (1) Attachment to the Landscape and Ocean -- (2) Attachment with Activities Provided by Ocean, the Land, and the Farm Land -- (3) Attachment with Handmade Products and Feeling of Intimacy and Pleasure Intimacy Provides -- (4) Attachment with Sense of Family and Community -- (5) Attachment to Preserving and Creating Memories through Photographs, Stories and History.

(6) Attachment to Values Such as Hard Work, Truth Telling, Taking Care of Others and Family Love.