Contents -- Introduction -- STRUCTUREOF THIS BOOK -- PASTORALIST PERSPECTIVES -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 1. Towards Security, Stability and Sustainability Oriented Strategies of Development in Eastern Africa -- RESOURCE CONFLICTS AND PASTORAL MARGINALISATION -- RESOURCE CONFLICTS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT -- INSTITUTIONAL FAILURES -- CAUSES OF INSTITUTIONAL FAILURE -- ADDRESSING INSTITUTIONAL FAILURE -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 2. Sustainable Development and Resource Conflicts in Botswana -- A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK -- STAKEHOLDERS AND LAND-USE CONFLICTS: A CASE STUDY OF EAST NGAMILAND DISTRICT -- POLICIES,INSTITUTIONS AND RESOURCE CONFLICTS -- Tribal Grazing Land Policy ( TGLP) -- The new Agricultural Development Policy ( ADP) -- Veterinary fences in Botswana and wildlife management -- Arable Lands Development Programme (ALDEP) -- The Accelerated Rain-fed Agricultural Programme (ARAP) -- DEPLETION OF WOOD AND FOREST RESOURCES -- PRESSURE AND CONFLICT OVER WATER RESOURCES -- CONFLICT BETWEEN WILDLIFE RESOURCE UTILISATION AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES -- CONFLICT BETWEEN LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND THE WILDLIFE TOURIST INDUSTRY -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 3. Participation and Governance in the Development of Borana: Southern Ethiopia -- PASTORAL DEVELOPMENT -- THE BORANA -- A CRITICAL JUNCTURE IN HISTORY -- Land -- Administrative structures -- Peasant/Pastoralist Associations -- Contemporary developments -- Communications -- Development interventions -- Famine relief -- Population growth -- BORANA TODAY -- PARTICIPATION AND GOVERNANCE -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 4. Conflict Management, Resolution and Institutions among the Karrayu and their Neighbours -- The People -- CONFLICTS WITH THE ARSI OROMO -- CONFLICTS WITH THE AFAR -- CONFLICTS WITH THE ARGOBA -- CONFLICTS WITH THE ITTU -- THECASEOF THE GEBELLA.

Arrarra -the traditional conflict-redressing institution of the Karrayu -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 5. Ranchers and Pastoralists: The Restructuring of Government Ranching, Uganda -- CIVIL WARS AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION -- LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE NATIONAL RESISTANCE MOVEMENT (NRM) -- THE RESETTLEMENT OF LANDLESS CATTLE KEEPERS -- THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY INTO THE GOVERNMENT RANCHING SCHEMES -- THE REPOSSESSION OF RANCHES IN GOVERNMENT RANCHING SCHEMES -- THERESTRUCTURING OF THE GOVERNMENT RANCHING SCHEMES -- THE BENEFICIARIES OF RANCH RESTRUCTURING -- THE RATIONALISATION OF PRIVATE OWNERSHIP -- LAND ALLOCATION TO SQUATTERS -- IMPROVEMENT OF ALLOCATED LAND -- THE POLITICISATION OF RANCH RESTRUCTURING -- CURRENT PROSPECTS AND FUTURE CONSTRAINTS -- PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT OF WATER FACILITIES -- THE INCREASE IN CULTIVATION ON THE RESTRUCTURED RANCHES -- CURRENT MANIFESTATIONS OF PASTORALISM -- SOME CRITICAL POLICY ISSUES -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 6. Resource Competition and Conflict: Herder/ Farmer or Pastoralism/ Agriculture? -- THE HERDER/FARMER DICHOTOMY -- PASTORALISM/AGRICULTURE: A COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP -- THE CASE OF DAR HAMAR -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 7. Resource Conflicts Among the Afar of North-East Ethiopia -- THE AFAR'S RESOURCE USE, TENURE AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES -- PASTORAL LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCE TENURE, USE AND MANAGEMENT -- CUSTOMARY CLAN- AND LINEAGE-BASED LAND-USE RIGHTS AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT -- AN EXAMPLE OF ISSO FROM THE HASSOBA CLAN LAND -- STATE POLICIES,TRENDS OF CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN PASTORAL LAND USE,TENURE AND MANAGEMENT -- RESOURCE COMPETITION AND CONFLICT BETWEEN AFAR CLANS -- COMPETITION AND CONFLICT BETWEEN CLAN MEMBERS -- TRANSFORMATION OF LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF THE SHEKEK-HASSOBA CLAN -- THE PATTERN OF INDIVIDUATION OF THE COMMONS AMONG THE SHEKEK-HASSOBA.

THE IMPLICATIONS OF INCREASING TRENDS OF LAND ENCLOSURE AND ENGAGEMENT OF PASTORAL HOUSEHOLDS IN AGRICULTURE FARMING -- LAND-USE CONFLICTS BETWEEN A CLAN HEAD AND CLAN MEMBERS -- THE RESISTANCE OF THE SHEKEK-HASSOBA PEOPLE AGAINST THE PRACTICES OF LAND ENCLOSURE -- POST-1991: CONFLICT OVER LAND BETWEEN DIFFERENT AFAR INTEREST GROUPS -- INCREASING TENURE INSECURITY AND RESOURCE CONFLICTS BETWEEN AFAR CLANS -- BACKGROUND TO THE OPPOSITION TO HASSAN GURRA BY THE HASSOBA CLAN MEMBERS AND OTHER INTEREST GROUPS -- CONFLICTS OF INTEREST -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 8. Livelihood and Resource Competition, Sudan -- A PASTORAL PREDICAMENT -- AGRARIAN TRANSFORMATION AND ECOLOGICAL STRESS -- SURVIVAL UNDER STRESS: A CASE FROM SUDAN -- THE RUFA 'A AL HOI HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY -- RECENT TRENDS IN THE LARGE-SCALE SEDENTARISATION OF THE RUFA 'A AL HOI -- THE PASTORALIST MOVEMENT AND THE RAIN-FED AGRICULTURAL SCHEMES IN THE SOUTHERN FUNJ AREA -- LOCAL GOVERNANCE: THE NATIVE ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM REINSTATED -- THE COST OF THE CIVIL WAR ON THE RUFA 'A AL HOI -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 9. Pastoral Commercialisation: On Caloric Terms of Trade and Related Issues -- CONCEPTS -- Commoditisation, commercialisation, off-take rates and sustainable land use -- Caloric terms of trade -- Caloric terms of trade: a summary of evidence from literature -- WEST POKOT, KAJIADO, GARISSA, MARSABIT: KENYAN EXAMPLES -- Livestock numbers per capita -- Livestock commercial off- take rates -- Caloric terms of trade -- TOWARDS THEORY BUILDING -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 10. Immediate Problems: A View From a Distance -- THE KENYAN BORANA CASE -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 11. Changing Gender Roles and Pastoral Adaptations to Market Opportunity in Omdurman, Sudan -- THE CHANGING PASTORAL CONTEXT -- ECONOMIC ADAPTATIONS BY PASTORALISTS IN OMDURMAN -- Survival of the destitute.

Successful survivors -- COMPETITION OVER RESOURCES -- CULTURAL ADAPTATION: ACCOMMODATION AND RESISTANCE -- ISSUES AND PREDICAMENTS -- THE WAY FORWARD -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 12. Research-Led Policy Deliberation in Eritrea and Somalia: Searching to Overcome Institutional Gaps -- BACKGROUND -- NEW AREAS OF ACTION AND ANALYSIS -- THE WAR-TORN SOCIETIES PROJECT IN ERITREA AND SOMALIA -- ERITREA -- SOMALIA -- PARTICIPATORY POLICY DIALOGUE AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Contributors -- Index -- Abbala [Sudan camel herders], 138 -- acceptability, defined, 35-6 -- administrative failures -- 30 -- 31 -- 33 -- Afar Debine -- 82 -- 84 -- 146 -- 152 -- conflicts with Karrayu, 86-8 -- conflicts with Karrayu, 97 -- Afar lands -- 145 -- 147 -- Karrayu lands, 83-4 -- Afar Liberation Front [ALF] -- 11 -- 155 -- 157 -- Afar pastoralists -- 9 -- 25 -- 145-6 -- 174 -- commercial farming by elite, 160 -- commercial farming by elite, 164 -- conflict between clan members, 152-3 -- conflict between clan members, 161-4 -- conflict between clans, 151-3 -- land rights, 11-12 -- land rights, 147 -- land rights, 148-9 -- land rights, 154 -- land rights, 157 -- livestock management system, 68 -- livestock management system, 146 -- livestock management system, 165 -- opportunistic farming, 155-6 -- policy recommendations, 165-6 -- relations with Karrayu, 82 -- relations with Karrayu, 86-8 -- relations with Karrayu, 95-6 -- social organisation, 146-7 -- social organisation, 148-9 -- social organisation, 165 -- Afar Weima -- 82 -- 146 -- 149 -- conflicts with Karrayu, 86 -- conflicts with Karrayu, 88 -- Africa -- nineteenth-century famines and epidemics, 242 -- nineteenth-century famines and epidemics, 245n -- Africa [2000] conference 2 -- agriculture -- 17-18 -- 74 -- 158-9 -- concession farms [Ethiopia], 82.

concession farms [Ethiopia], 86 -- enclosure for, 155-6 -- enclosures, 75 -- enclosures, 126n -- enclosures, 153-4 -- enclosures, 155-6 -- in post-conflict reconstruction, 281 -- interaction with pastoralism, 134 -- interaction with pastoralism, 137 -- interaction with pastoralism, 140 -- interaction with pastoralism, 239-40 -- large-scale mechanised, 9 -- large-scale mechanised, 12 -- large-scale mechanised, 81 -- new farming methods, 125-6 -- rain-fed semi-mechanised [Sudan], 180 -- rain-fed semi-mechanised [Sudan], 183-6 -- rain-fed semi-mechanised [Sudan], 190 -- rain-fed [Botswana], 46-7 -- rain-fed [Horn of Africa], 172 -- rain-fed [Horn of Africa], 180 -- state encouragement of, 9 -- state encouragement of, 43 -- Sudan, 248 -- agro-pastoralism -- 17 -- 239-40 -- Dar Hamar, 139-40 -- Horn of Africa, 172 -- Horn of Africa, 173 -- household production, 139 -- Sudan, 189-90 -- Sudan, 248 -- Aligeta, Ethiopia 149 -- Alleideghii Plain [Ethiopia] -- 86 -- 147 -- Amibara District, Awash valley [Ethiopia] -- 145 -- 146 -- 150 -- 151-2 -- 162-3 -- 164 -- Amibara-Halledibi Settler Farm [Awash valley] 156-7 -- Amibara-Malka-Saddi commercial farm [Ethiopia] 150 -- Amin, Idi 101 -- Ankole, enclosures 126n -- Ankole-Masaka Ranching scheme, Uganda -- 100 -- 105 -- 106-8 -- 111 -- 125 -- dairy ranch, 114 -- land allocation in, 111 -- land allocation in, 112 -- land allocation in, 114 -- land allocation in, 115 -- anthropology 238-9 -- Argoba agro-pastoralists [Ethiopia] -- 82 -- 87 -- conflicts with Karrayu, 88-90 -- Arole rangelands, Ethiopia -- 87 -- 88-9 -- Arrarra, Karrayu peace-making institution 92-8 -- Arsi Oromo, relations with Karrayu -- 82 -- 84-6 -- 92 -- Arssi, agro-pastoralists [Chilalo] 239 -- Awara Malka [Ethiopia] -- 82 -- 86 -- Awash Arba town 156 -- Awash National Park -- 82-3 -- 87 -- 88.

Tribal Grazing Areas, 150.