Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Notes on contributors -- FOREWORD Science, participation, and sustainability -- FOREWORD Sustainability, energy use, and public participation -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- PART ONE Concepts and insights -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER ONE Citizen participation in sustainability assessments -- The challenge -- A brief histor of climate change debates -- Public participation is essential -- Science suggests major challenges for climate policy -- A procedure for stakeholder participation -- Is there a theory of stakeholder dialogues? -- Dialogue as bargaining -- Dialogue as understanding -- Dialogue as domination -- Dialogue as common sense -- Dialogue -- Why use focus groups in participator IA? -- General format of IA Focus Groups -- Detailed design of IA Focus Groups -- Recruitment -- Criteria -- Process description -- First phase: Session one -- Second phase: Sessions two, three, and four -- Third phase: Session five -- Analysis -- Major results on citizens' perspectives -- Outlook -- CHAPTER TWO Contexts of citizen participation -- Climate change: between democracy and expertise? -- Commitment to "democracy" -- The rise of expertise -- Combining democracy and expertise: 'Participatory Integrated Assessment'? -- Approaches, contexts, and objectives -- Approaches: In-depth groups and citizens' panels -- Local contexts -- Objectives and practical implementation -- Contexts of participation -- Initial skepticism -- Wh participate? -- Conditional willingness to participate -- The introduction of expert knowledges -- Lay understandings of complexities and uncertainties -- Lay and expert knowledges meet -- Conclusions: conditions for participation -- Hope for the future -- Participatory IA as a heuristic device for empowerment and action -- Practical conditions for citizens' participation in IA.

Outlook -- CHAPTER THREE Models as metaphors -- Introduction -- Models as scientific? -- Metaphors and science -- Metaphors in environmental modeling -- Healing the amputation of awareness in science -- Conclusion: ULYSSES and the future -- PART TWO Experiences with IA Focus Groups -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER FOUR Collage processes and citizens' visions for the future -- Introduction -- Research questions and research method -- Citizens' images of the future: findings from IA Focus Groups -- Clearly positive and clearly negative collages -- Business-as-usual and fear -- Energy reduction and hope -- Ambiguous collages -- Ambiguous expectations for business-as-usual -- Ambiguous views on energy reduction -- Regional differences -- Conclusions -- Citizens' perspectives on energy and climate -- IA Focus Group findings and reflexive modernization -- Inspiration for IA modelers? -- CHAPTER FIVE Citizen interaction with computer models -- Introduction -- Method: integrated assessment focus groups and computer models -- Integrating models in IA Focus Groups -- Which models have been used? -- Overview -- Model use by region -- Other means of providing expert information -- Diversity and robustness of the findings -- Robustness -- Findings -- What do citizens expect concerning expert information and computer models? -- Space and time -- Uncertainty -- Exploration of policy options -- Models in comparison with other input -- Synthesis and suggestions -- Feasibility of the approach -- How the model moderator should facilitate interaction with models -- Suggestions for computer model design -- Conclusions -- CHAPTER SIX Citizens' reports on climate strategies -- Introduction -- Method: citizens' report procedures in IA Focus Groups -- Barcelona -- Frankfurt -- Manchester -- Stockholm -- Venice -- Zurich -- Findings from citizens' reports.

Results summary: most common assessments and recommendations -- Assessment of causes and impacts of anthropogenic climate change -- Actions suggested in specific sectors -- Implementation strategies -- Who should act, where and when -- Perceived barriers to action -- General comments on the citizens' reports -- Assessment of the report writing exercises -- Assessment of the writing exercises by research region -- Assessment from Barcelona -- Assessment from Frankfurt -- Assessment from Manchester -- Assessment from Stockholm -- Assessment from Venice -- Assessment from Zurich -- General strengths and weaknesses of the writing exercises -- Concluding remarks -- Citizens' views on climate change and mitigation measures -- Remarks on methodology -- PART THREE Further forms of participation -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER SEVEN Venture capital and climate policy -- Introduction: why venture capital? -- The policy exercise methodology -- Overall study design -- Developing scenario stories in a "backcasting" mode -- Results: how to support ecological energy investment? -- Supporting ecological energ investment in general -- Lowering entry barriers for new companies in this field -- Facilitating venture capital backing for these new companies -- The background of global climate diplomacy -- Conclusions: how much European harmonisation? -- CHAPTER EIGHT COOL: exploring options for carbon dioxide reduction in a participatory mode -- Introduction -- Climate OptiOns for the Long term -- General -- Scientific input -- Participator approach -- Differences between COOL and ULYSSES -- Learning from experiences -- Process -- Substantive outcome: citizen reports and strategic visions -- Outcomes from the citizen reports -- Outcomes from the stakeholder dialogue on venture capital and climate policy -- Multilayered purpose projects: participants and ownership.

Closing remarks -- CHAPTER NINE Expert stakeholder participation in the Thames region -- Introduction -- Stakeholder analysis -- Scenarios and analysis of institutional risk -- Trend projection and conventional wisdom -- Economic growth and market enterprise -- Environmental stewardship and regulation -- Closing remarks -- CHAPTER TEN On the art of scenario development -- Background -- Scenario methods -- Modelling studies -- Global scenarios -- Single issue scenarios -- Focused scenarios -- Scenario process and dissemination -- Conclusions on common lessons -- PART FOUR Future perspectives -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER ELEVEN From projects to program in integrated assessment research -- ULYSSES and Integrated Assessment -- From TARGETS to ULYSSES -- Intermediate station: ULYSSES -- From ULYSSES to VISIONS -- Conclusions -- CHAPTER TWELVE Citizen participation and developing country agendas -- Introduction -- The non-governmental level -- The advent of non-governmental organizations -- Interactions at the non-governmental level and questions of sustainability -- The intergovernmental level -- Interactions within the Group of 77 and questions of sustainability -- Interactions at the general intergovernmental level and questions of sustainability -- Conclusion and a way forward -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN Linking the citizen to governance for sustainable climate futures -- The coupling of humans and nature -- Taking the research onward -- Clarifying the scenarios -- Enriching the visualizations -- Opening up new opportunities for schools -- Partnerships with business -- Extending methodology -- Engaging in interactive governance -- References -- Index.