CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Picture of the congress participants -- Conference Programme -- SWITCHING PHENOMENA H. E. Stanley -- S. V. Buldyrev -- G. Franzese -- S. Havlin -- F. Mallamace -- M. G. Mazza -- P. Kumar -- V. Plerou -- T. Preis -- K. Stokely -- L. Xu -- 1. Switching Phenomena: Introduction -- 2. Switching Phenomena in Water -- 3. Switching Phenomena in Economics -- 4. Switching Phenomena in Physiology & Medicine -- 5. Outlook -- 6. Acknowledgements -- References -- ENTROPY, A UNIFYING CONCEPT: FROM PHYSICS TO COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Constantino Tsallis -- Alexandra C. Tsallis -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Entropy z -- 1.2. Additivity versus extensivity -- 1.3. Central limit theorems -- 2. Unimodal One-dimensional Dissipative Maps -- 3. Long-range-interacting Many-body Classical Hamiltonian Systems -- 4. Cognitive Psychology - Learning/memorizing Process -- 5. Final Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- FUMBLING TOWARDS ECSTASY: A JOURNEY TO UNDERSTAND A SMALL CORNER OF THE UNIVERSE Bernhard H.J. Juurlink -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What is Knowledge? -- 2.1 The Search for Patterns of Familiarity -- 2.2 How To Construct A Knowledge Framework? -- 2.2.1 The lac operon -- 2.3 How Animals Build A Knowledge Framework -- 2.3.1 Knowledge and imagination -- 3. So Again what is Knowledge? -- 3.1 The Poet and the Scientist -- 3.2 What is Creativity? -- 3.2.1 Serendipity and creativity -- 3.2.2 Ignorance and creativity -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- ECONO-PHYSICS: MODELS & METAPHORS Peter M. Jackson -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Econo-Physics Turn -- 3. Econo-Physics: What Is It? -- 4. Aggregates -- 5. Complexity & Emergence -- 6. Metaphors & Models -- 7. Whither Econo-Physics -- References -- METAPHORS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH E. Haven -- 1. Why interdisciplinary research? -- 2. Models: the `Verhulst way'.

3. Can we always use metaphors? -- 4. An example of a successful interdisciplinary model -- 5. A wave function as an information function: a usable metaphor? -- 6. Encouragement of interdisciplinary research: a solid basis towards research `freedom'? -- References -- THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF A THEORY OF EVERYTHING Tom G. Porter -- 1. Philosophical Basis for Interdisciplinary Work -- 1.1. The Pursuit of Knowledge -- 1.2. Entscheidungsproblem -- 1.3. Limits in the History of Science -- 1.4. Reaching Beyond the Limits -- 2. Extending Natural Science Results to the Social Sciences -- 2.1. Reaching Beyond the Limits of Understanding -- 2.2. Refitting Fact to Theory -- 2.3. Long Term Capital Management -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- QUANTUM PROBABILITY APPLIED TO SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES J. R. Busemeyer -- Zheng Wang -- 1. Why Use Quantum Probability Theory in Social and Behavioral Sciences? -- 2. How to use Quantum Probability in Social and Behavioral Sciences? -- 2.1. Classical Probability Representation -- 2.1.1. No order effects -- 2.1.2. Order effects -- 2.2. Quantum Probability Representation -- 2.2.1. Compatible Events -- 2.2.2. Incompatible Events -- 3. Discussion -- References -- MARKET EFFICIENCY AND THE RISKS AND RETURNS OF DYNAMIC TRADING STRATEGIES WITH COMMODITY FUTURES Lorne N. Switzer -- Hui Jiang -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1 Decomposition of futures returns -- 3.2 Estimation of the convenience yield and net hedging pressure variables -- 4. Structural Granger-Causality VAR Estimation of Commodity Returns -- 4.1 Metal futures -- 4.2 Oil futures -- 4.3 Soybean futures -- 5. Returns from Active Trading Strategies -- 5.1 Momentum/contrarian strategies -- 5.1.1 Portfolio construction -- 5.1.2 Empirical results -- 5.2 Momentum strategy return determinants, backwardation and contango -- 7. Conclusions.

Appendix: Terminology -- References -- ON RELIGION AND LANGUAGE EVOLUTIONS SEEN THROUGH MATHEMATICAL AND AGENT BASED MODELS M. Ausloos -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Similarities and Di erences -- 3. Basic Equations of Evolution -- 4. Networks -- 4.1. Cluster Expansion -- 4.2. Node Intensity -- 5. Generalized Model -- 5.1. General Remarks -- 5.2. Competition Between Two Ideologies -- 5.3. Tension Index -- 6. Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- TOWARDS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CRITERIA FOR DISCUSSING MUSIC IN TERMS OF SYMMETRY AND ASYMMETRY (An Outline) Gyula Csapó -- 1. Examples of Some Theoretical Issues -- 1.1 Concerning Messiaen's Irreversible Rhythms -- 1.2 Symmetry or Equilibrium? A Case for Generative Principles Awakening Latent Symmetries -- 1.3 Haydn's "Menuet al Rovescio" -- 1.4 Vertical (i.e., harmonic-registral-spatial) Symmetry -- 2.1 S/A as Temporal Equilibrium. Phrase Structure (e.g., Classical Periods) -- 2.2 S/A as a Harmonic Phenomenon in Classical Music -- 2.3 About Asymmetrical Attack Numbers within Symmetrical Temporal Units -- 3. S/A in cyclic time: a scientific metaphor from Magnetic Resonance Imaging12 -- 4. Projecting Pitch Collections (Satie: Gymnopédie No. 1, circle-of-fifths representations) -- 5.1 Registral Distribution (Virtual Musical Space: Examples from Mozart, Bartók, Webern) -- 5.2 Registral Counterpoint, Spatial Symmetry -- 5.3 Physical Space: Placement of Instruments, from Stereophony to Total Use of Space -- 5.4 Dynamics: Imaginary Listening Positions -- 6.1 S/A Phenomena as a Fundamental Question of Tonality and Atonality -- 6.2 S/A as a Force Relevant to the Temporal Propagation in Music -- 7. Symmetry and Asymmetry in Musical Form (Bartók's bridge-forms vs. memory forms, Schubert's Aufenthalt (Schwanengesang, D957, No. 5.)) -- 8.1 S/A in Timbral Semiotic Space -- 8.2 Timbral Analogies as Cases of S/A.

9. Conclusion -- References -- WHAT IS QUANTUM THEORY TELLING US ABOUT HOW NATURE WORKS? P. Goyal -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Classical Physics and the Nature of a Physical Theory -- 3. Quantum Physics -- 3.1. Historical Development of Quantum Theory -- 3.2. Immediate Implications of the Quantum Formalism -- 3.3. Development of New Conception of Nature -- 3.4. Deciphering Quantum Theory -- 3.4.1. Reconstructing Quantum Theory -- 4. Quantum Theory from Complementarity -- 5. Implications for a Conception of Nature -- References -- BELL'S INEQUALITY: REVOLUTION IN QUANTUM PHYSICS OR JUST AN INADEQUATE MATHEMATICAL MODEL? Andrei Khrennikov -- 1. Introduction -- 2. EPR-Bohm-Bell Experiment -- 3. Implicit Assumption of Bell -- 4. Possible Sources of Non-Kolmogorovianity (Probabilistic Incompatibility) -- 5. Corresponding Experimental Tests in Geometry -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- STRUCTURES AND SYMMETRIES IN PHYSICS Chary Rangacharyulu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Symmetries in Physics -- 3. Nöther's theorem and consequences -- 3.1 Angular Momentum Conservation -- 4. Algebraic Symmetries -- 5. General Remarks -- References: -- INTEGRATING DIFFERENT MODES OF INQUIRY FOR PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS Tanya Augsburg -- J. Acacio de Barros -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Teacher Preparation -- 3. Our Background -- 4. Working Together for Changing the Major -- 4.1. The Process of Creating LS 300 -- 5. Future Challenges -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF UNCERTAINTY IN HUMAN PERCEPTION AND COGNITION Madan M. Gupta -- Ashu M. G. Solo -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Certainty and Precision -- 3. Uncertainty and Imprecision in Perception and Cognition -- 3.1. Type One Uncertainty -- 3.2. Type Two Uncertainty -- 4. Perception and Cognition -- 5. Fuzzy Logic -- 6. Computing with Words and Computational Theory of Perceptions.

7. Examples of Uncertainty Management in Perception and Cognition for Linguistic Evaluations -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- THE CONSILIENT EPISTEMOLOGY: STRUCTURING EVOLUTION OF OUR LOGICAL THINKING Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri -- 1. Why Do We Need Such An Over-arching Consilient Epistemology? -- 1.1 Cultures, Concepts and Theories Contradict our Sustainability -- 2. Is the Epistemology of Physics Leading us in an Evolution Congruent Direction? -- 2.1 Measurement/observation Epistemology -- 2.1.1. All interactions are "local" -- 2.1.2 Incomplete Information Challenge (IIC) -- 2.1.3 The NIW principle -- Non-Interference of Waves -- 2.2 Fusion of Reductionism and Emergentism -- 3. Foundational Assumptions and Challenges -- 3.1 Causal Cosmic System -- 3.2 Cosmic Complexity Challenge (C3) -- 3.3 Incomplete Information Challenge (IIC) -- 3.4 Subjective Interpretation Challenge (SIC) -- 3.5 Pre-Adaptive-State Challenge (PASC) -- 3.6 Retroactive Iterative Corrections (RIC) -- 3.7 Human Evolution is now Dominantly Driven by Cultural-selection Rather than the Darwinian Natural-selection -- 3.8 Evolution is a Collective Endeavor -- 3.9 Consilient Epistemology (CE) -- 4. Darwinian Natural-selection vs. Human Cultural-selection -- 4.1 Evolution and Entrepreneurship are an Inseparable Collective Enterprise -- 4.3 Nurturing Our Concepts to Assure Sustainable Cultural Evolution -- 5. The Consilient Epistemology -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- SCIENTIFIC ORTHODOXIES: MOVING CHALLENGE TOWARD REVOLUTION Gerald H. Pollack -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Sampling of Challenges to Orthodox Views -- 2.1 Nerve Conduction Arises from a Phase Transition in the Peripheral Cytoskeleton -- 2.2 The Cell Membrane Is Less Important Than Generally Thought -- 2.3 Biological Motion does not Arise from the Action of "motor proteins," but from Contraction of Protein Filaments.

3. Solution: Unorthodox Measures for Unorthodox Ideas.