Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- PART I Introduction and concepts -- 1 Coupling landscape ecology with natural resource management: Paradigm shifts and new approaches -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2. A brief introduction to landscape ecology: Concepts, principles, and methods -- 1.2.1 Landscape structure, function, change, and integrity -- 1.2.2 Principles -- 1.2.3 Methods -- 1.3 Shifts in paradigms of natural resource management -- From single-scale management to multi-scale management -- From within-boundary management to cross-boundary management. -- From static management to adaptive management -- From isolated management to integrated management -- 1.4 Linking landscape ecology with natural resource management -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- PART II Landscape structure and multi-scale management -- 2 Integrating landscape structure and scale into natural resource management -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The central themes of landscape ecology -- 2.2.1 Spatial structure and configuration matter -- Patch quality -- Boundaries -- Patch context -- Connectivity -- The importance of the organism -- 2.2.2 Scale matters -- 2.2.3 Thresholds matter -- 2.3 How do these themes relate to management? -- 2.3.1 Spotted owls and the management of old-growth forests -- 2.3.2 Use of wetlands by waterbirds -- 2.3.3 Grazing in arid and semi-arid rangelands -- 2.3.4 Synthesis -- 2.4 Issues in resource management -- 2.4.1 Management units vs. mosaics -- 2.4.2 Species vs. ecosystems -- 2.4.3 Yield vs. sustainability -- 2.4.4 Equilibrium vs. natural variation and disturbance -- 2.4.5 Ecological integrity and ecological scales -- 2.5 Implications and guidelines for multi-scale landscape management -- 2.6 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References.

3 Focal patch landscape studies for wildlife management: Optimizing sampling effort across scales -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 How big is a landscape? -- 3.3 Importance of measuring multiple landscapes -- 3.4 Trade-offs in landscape study design -- 3.5 Overview of analysis tools and data considerations -- 3.5.1 Landscape pattern analysis -- Geostatistical methods -- Pattern-based methods -- 3.5.2 Statistical considerations associated with landscape-scale data -- Spatial autocorrelation -- Broad-scale spatial trends -- Spatially-correlated common causes -- Data reduction -- 3.6 Case study: Effects of landscape structure on the abundance of the northern leopard frog -- Focal patch design -- Strict selection criteria -- Landscape size -- Multi-scales - the patch, the landscape and sizes in between -- Management implications -- 3.7 Implications and guidelines for conducting multi-scale landscape studies for wildlife management -- 3.8 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Managing for small-patch patterns in human-dominated landscapes: Cultural factors and Corn Belt agriculture -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Cultural factors that affect small patch patterns -- 4.3 Example: Small patches in the Midwest Corn Belt -- 4.3.1 Description of the Midwest Corn Belt -- 4.3.2 The effect of culture on small patch characteristics in the Corn Belt -- Land division, settlement patterns, and ownership traditions -- Applied science and technology -- Stewardship values and landscape aesthetic values -- 4.4 Recommendations to effect landscape change and apply multi-scale management -- 4.4.1 Field scale -- Enhance habitat by designing the shape and plant composition of small patches to show immediately recognizable good care -- Enhance the habitat value of small uncultivated patches within the agricultural landscape: farmsteads, pastures… -- 4.4.2 Farm scale.

Enhance habitat on land division boundaries: Roadsides, easements, and field boundaries -- Design field shapes to conform to the dimensions and capabilities of field equipment and to intentionally enhance the patch… -- 4.4.3 Corn Belt scale -- Encourage new technology, like precision agriculture, to be applied in ways that enhance small-patch biodiversity -- 4.5 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 A landscape approach to managing the biota of streams -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Landscape elements of stream ecology -- 5.2.1 Spatial relations -- 5.2.2 Temporal relations -- 5.3 Issues of scale in riverine management -- 5.3.1 The importance of scale -- 5.3.2 Scale effects: Interaction of land and stream -- 5.3.3 Scale issues in recreational fisheries management -- 5.3.4 Social and political considerations of managing at multiple scales -- 5.4 Linking landscape ecology concepts to management -- 5.4.1 Terrestrial patches -- Land use -- Influence of riparian buffers -- Time -- 5.4.2 Stream-hannel patches -- 5.5 Assessing biodiversity conservation needs -- 5.5.1 Developing conservation priorities at multiple spatial scales -- 5.6 Guidelines for riverine management -- 5.7 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Linking ecological and social scales for natural resource management -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Spatial scales relevant for natural resource managers -- 6.2.1 Dominant scale uses assessed from publications in the social and natural sciences -- 6.2.2 Scale delineation rationale in the sciences contributing to natural resource management -- 6.2.3 Scaling issues -- 6.2.4 Ecological and social systems and their integration -- 6.3 A multi-scale approach to social ecological research: The case of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study -- 6.3.1 Description of the research -- 6.3.2 Results of the interdisciplinary watershed analysis.

6.4 Integration of social and natural science spatial scales for management -- 6.5 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- PART III Landscape function and cross-boundary management -- 7 Assessing the ecological consequences of forest policies in a multi-ownership province in Oregon -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Overview of multi-ownership landscape assessments and management -- 7.3 Case study: The Oregon Coast Range -- 7.3.1 Background -- 7.3.2 The Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS) -- 7.3.3 Projection of future landscape conditions: An example -- 7.3.4 Spatial variation and pattern of ecosystems and ownerships -- 7.3.5 Spatial interactions among ownerships -- Edge effects -- Interior area patch sizes -- Roads -- Movement of organisms -- Movement of wood and sediment -- Source-sink processes -- 7.4 Lessons learned -- 7.4.1 Potential ecological effects -- 7.4.2 The process of building integrated provincial-scale models -- The importance of policy-makers and policy questions -- The challenge of spatial information about landscapes and regions -- The value of landscape projections -- The challenge of measuring ecological effects -- The challenge and importance of scale -- Integration occurs at many levels and takes many forms -- Conducting science in a public policy environment -- 7.5 Implications to policy and management -- 7.6 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Incorporating the effects of habitat edges into landscape models: Effective area models for cross-boundary management -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Edge effects and cross-boundary management -- 8.2.1 Edge effects: A "catch-all" term -- 8.2.2 Edge and interior species: An overused dichotomy? -- 8.2.3 Common assumptions about edge effects -- 8.2.4 Mechanisms that cause edge effects -- 8.3 Addressing edge effects through effective area models -- 8.3.1 Edge responses.

8.3.2 Habitat maps -- 8.3.3 Generating patch-specific predictions for landscape-scale analysis -- 8.4 Case studies and future applications -- 8.4.1 Edge effects on population size -- 8.4.2 Edge effects on community organization and biodiversity -- 8.4.3 Edge effects on ecosystem functioning -- 8.4.4 Edge permeability and animal behaviors: Promising applications of the EAM -- 8.5 Lessons and challenges -- 8.5.1 Lessons -- 8.5.2 Challenges -- 8.6 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Aquatic-terrestrial linkages and implications for landscape management -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Overview of cross-boundary interactions -- 9.2.1 Organism movements -- Movements between aquatic and upland habitats -- Movements between aquatic and wetland habitats -- Movement among aquatic habitat patches -- 9.2.2 Hydro-physical links between terrestrial and aquatic systems -- Above-ground flows of water and matter -- Groundwater flows from upland to aquatic systems -- Interactions between organism and hydro-physical flows -- 9.3 Case study: Adirondack fisheries and management at the landscape scale -- 9.4 Implications and guidelines for cross-boundary management -- 9.4.1 Maintenance of the natural hydrologic regime -- 9.4.2 Protection of critical landscape elements -- 9.4.3 Decreasing vulnerability of wildlife -- 9.4.4 Maintaining isolation of aquatic communities -- 9.4.5 Eight rules of thumb for managing aquatic-terrestrial linkages -- 9.5 Summary -- References -- PART IV Landscape change and adaptive management -- 10 A landscape-transition matrix approach for land management -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Transition matrices in the context of ecological landscape modeling -- 10.2.1 Background -- 10.2.2 Applications of transition matrices -- 10.3 A protocol for developing and applying the transition approach to land management -- 10.3.1 Identify the problem.

10.3.2. Develop a spatial-allocation rule using a land-use-impact matrix.