Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: Sediment treatment - a general introduction -- 1. Sediment and dredged material treatment -- 2. SedNet -- 3. The background -- 4. The content of the WP4 handbook -- Chapter 2: Sediment management of nations in Europe -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Netherlands -- 2.1. Policy on dredged material -- 2.1.1. National policy for dredged material -- 2.1.2. Remediation approach -- 2.1.3. Relocation -- 2.1.4. Treatment and reuse -- 2.1.5. Confined disposal -- 2.1.6. Legislation -- 2.2. Example of an important local site: the port of Rotterdam -- 2.3. Projects -- 3. Germany -- 3.1. Legislation -- 3.2. National projects -- 3.2.1. Costal waters - estuaries -- 3.2.2. Sea ports -- 3.2.3. Inland waters - rivers, canals, ports and dams -- 4. Norway -- 4.1. Policy on treatment and disposa -- 4.2. Overview on most important local sites and projects -- 5. France -- 5.1. General situation -- 5.2. Policy on treatment and disposal -- 5.3. Most important local dredging sites -- 5.4. Projects -- 6. Italy -- 6.1. Venice -- 6.2. Livorno -- 6.3. La Spezia -- 7. Belgium -- 7.1. Region of Brussels -- 7.2. The Walloon region -- 7.3. Situation in Flanders -- 7.3.1. Sediment quantity and quality -- 7.3.2. Dredging, treatment and disposal -- 7.3.3. Laws and legislation -- 7.3.4. Current limitations and/or bottlenecks -- Chapter 3: Overview on treatment and disposal options -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Key boundary conditions for treatment -- 3. General treatment and disposal technologies -- 3.1. Definition and process principles -- 3.2. Technical criteria of process principles -- 4. Treatment and disposal chains -- 4.1. Technical feasible treatment and disposal chains -- Chapter 4: Description of the available technology for treatment and disposal of dredged material -- 1. Introduction -- 2. In situ chemical techniques.

2.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 2.2. State of the art/experience -- 2.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 2.4. Economic aspects -- 2.5. Social aspects -- 3. In situ biological techniques -- 3.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 3.2. State of the art/experience -- 3.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 3.4. Economic aspects -- 3.5. Social aspects -- 4. Physical in situ techniques: capping of contaminated sediments -- 4.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 4.2. State of the art/experience -- 4.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 4.4. Economic aspects -- 4.5. Social aspects -- 5. Separation -- 5.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 5.2. State of the art/experience -- 5.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 5.4. Economic aspects -- 5.5. Social aspects -- 6. Natural dewatering -- 6.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 6.2. State of the art/experience -- 6.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 6.4. Economic aspects -- 6.5. Social aspects -- 7. Mechanical dewatering -- 7.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 7.2. State of the art/experience -- 7.3. Environmental aspects -- 7.4. Economic aspects -- 8. Thermal desorption -- 8.1. Introduction into thermal treatment technologies -- 8.2. Technical criteria/applicability -- 8.3. State of the art/experience -- 8.4. Environmental aspects -- 8.5. Economic aspects -- 9. Thermal immobilization: producing bricks -- 9.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 9.2. State of the art/experience -- 9.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 9.4. Economic aspects -- 9.5. Social aspects -- 10. Thermal immobilization: producing LWA (light - weight - aggregates) -- 10.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 10.2. State of the art/experience -- 10.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 10.4. Economic aspects -- 10.5. Social aspects -- 11. Thermal immobilization: artificial basalt.

11.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 11.2. State of the art/experience -- 11.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 11.4. Economic aspects -- 11.5. Social aspects -- 12. Thermal treatment: producing cement -- 12.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 12.2. State of the art/experience -- 12.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 12.4. Economic aspects -- 12.5. Social aspects -- 13. Washing extraction: example biogenesis -- 13.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 13.2. State of the art/experience -- 13.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 13.4. Economic aspects -- 13.5. Social aspects -- 14. Stabilization/chemical immobilization -- 14.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 14.2. State of the art/experience -- 14.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 14.4. Economic aspects -- 14.5. Social aspects -- 15. Bioreactor -- 15.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 15.2. State of the art/experience -- 15.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 15.4. Economic aspects -- 15.5. Social aspects -- 16. Landfarming -- 16.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 16.2. State of the art/experience -- 16.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 16.4. Economic aspects -- 16.5. Social aspects -- 17. Phytoremediation/phyto-extraction -- 17.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 17.2. State of the art/experience -- 18. Confined upland disposal -- 18.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 18.2. State of the art/experience -- 18.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 18.4. Economic aspects -- 18.5. Social aspects -- 19. Sub-aquatic confined disposal -- 19.1. Technical criteria/applicability -- 19.2. State of the art/experience -- 19.2.1. Example - Sandefjord, Norway -- 19.2.2. Island/nearshore CDF -- 19.2.3. Subaquatic CDF in open water -- 19.3. Environmental impacts & benefits -- 19.4. Economic aspects -- 19.5. Social aspects -- Chapter 5: Beneficial use.

1. Introduction -- 2. Some reuse possibilities, a general description -- 3. Products for beneficial use -- 3.1. Products without treatment -- 4. Law and legislation for beneficial use -- 4.1. Germany -- 4.2. Italy -- 4.3. The Netherlands -- 4.4. Norway -- 4.5. Belgium - focussed on Flanders -- 5. Current limitations and bottlenecks -- 5.1. Environmental regulations -- 5.2. Costs -- 5.3. Image -- 5.4. Further obstacles -- 6. Measures to promote use of dredged material -- 6.1. Ecological balance and evaluation of sediment treatment methods from a life-cycle-perspective -- 6.2. Product promotion -- 6.3. Steering measures by economic incentives -- Chapter 6: Assessment of treatment and disposal options -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A new frame: assessment on a river basin scale -- 3. Types of assessment during sediment management -- 4. Assessment of the environmental impact of treatment options -- 4.1. Principles to minimize effects on the environment -- 4.2. Objects of environmental assessment and protection -- 4.3. Criteria of environmental assessment -- 4.3.1. Chemical and biological methods to asses the environmental impact of sediments and products -- 4.3.2. The life-cycle of products and sediments: time dependent changes on emissions -- 4.3.3. Climate, space consumption and resources and their link to sustainabilityŽ -- 5. Economic aspects -- 5.1. Variable economic boundary conditions I: duration of contract and development of legal regulations -- 5.2. Variable economic boundary conditions II: interfaces between treatment steps -- 5.3. Opposite public and private interests - or public-private partnership? -- 6. Social aspects -- 6.1. Negative social aspect -- 6.2. Positive socio-economic aspects of dredged material -- 6.3. Communication with the society -- 7. Decision support system -- 7.1. State of the art in decision making.

7.2. Topics for improvement to reach a sustainable decision support system -- 7.2.1. River basin scale -- 7.2.2. Assessment of environmental impacts applying LCA and other tools -- 7.2.3. Treatment chain level. -- 7.2.4. Long-term contracts -- 7.2.5. Responsibility and budget and evaluation of benefits outside the responsibility -- 7.2.6. Decision making under multiple criteria -- 7.3. An example: The Netherlands and their policy on treatment disposal -- 8. Summary -- Chapter 7: Applications of the principles of life-cycle-assessment to evaluate contaminated sediment treatment chains -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sustainability and life cycle thinking methodologies to evaluate processes for treating contaminated dredged sediment -- 3. The life-cycle assessment (LCA) -- 4. On the potential uses of life-cycle approaches to assess dredged treatment chains -- 4.1. Holistic thinking: inclusion of indirect impacts -- 4.2. System definition and long term effects -- 4.3. Quantification of relevant life-cycle indicators -- 4.4. Sustainable decision-making and the life-cycle assessment -- 5. Application of the principles of LCA to assess dredged sediment treatment chains -- 5.1. Treatment chain 1: mechanical sand separation and dewatering process combined with reuse of sand fraction and disposal of the silt fraction -- 5.2. Treatment chain 2: production of bricks out of dredged material -- 6. Conclusion -- 7. Outlook -- Chapter 8: Costs of treatment chains -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Costs -- 2.1. Costs of dredging -- 2.2. Costs of transport -- 2.3. Costs of treatment -- 2.4. Costs of follow up -- 3. Revenues -- 3.1. Social economic -- 3.2. Beneficial use -- 3.3. Stimulation of treatment of dredged sediment -- Chapter 9: Cases studies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Confined disposal: IJsseloog confined disposal facility (subaquatic confined disposal).

3. Separation and mechanical dewatering: METHA - classification, sorting and dewatering of dredged material.