READINGS IN WORLD DEVELOPMENT: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE ASIA PACIFIC -- READINGS IN WORLD DEVELOPMENT: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE ASIA PACIFIC -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Poverty And Development in the Asia Pacific: An Overview of Issues -- Poverty and its Dimensions -- Social Poverty and Women -- Measurement of Poverty -- Causes of Poverty -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Concluding Remarks -- Refernces -- Poverty Alleviation and Development in East and South-East Asia: Some Comments -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Involvement of International Financial Institutions in Poverty Alleviations -- Poverty Reduction During Reforms - A Trend Analysis -- Actual -- Percentages -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix: -- Energy, Environment and Poverty Nexus in Developing Countries -- Introduction -- The Dimensions of Poverty -- Poverty and Environment -- Poverty Environment and Development -- CPRs as Source of Livelihood -- Energy Poverty Nexus -- Biomass Consumption -- Energy Carriers -- Environmental Aspects of Biomass Consumption -- Conclusion -- References -- Community Development and Citizens' Participation in Governance -- Broad World Scenario in Socio-Economic Reconstruction -- Community and Community Development -- State And Community Development -- Public Versus Private Efforts in Community Development -Some Methodological Issues: The Case of India -- From Community Development to Participation in Governance, the Ascension -- Peoples' Participation: Development-Governance Interface -- Citizens' Participation in Governance: What Would it Really Mean? -- Checks and Balances in Governance: The Case of India -- Conclusion -- Social Sector Development in India in the New Millennium with Special Reference to Poverty Alleviation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Health -- Nutrition -- Education -- Concept of Poverty.

Causes of Poverty -- Social Sector Development and Poverty Alleviation -- Employment Generation -- Agriculture and Rural Development -- Displaced Concerns, Misplaced Priorities -- Poverty Reduction: Not by Income Alone -- Poverty Eradication by 2005 and Beyond (Future Promises) -- Conclusion -- References -- Social Security and Development in India -- References -- Performance of Manufacturing and Services Sector in India in Post - Reforms Period: Issues and Experiences -- Introduction -- Section I -- Section 2 -- Performance of Manufacturing Sector -- Section 3 -- The Rise of the Service Sector in India -- Section 4 -- Manufacturing and Service Sector Linkages -- Inter Relationship Of Manufacturing - Service Sector In India (1991-2000) -- Conclusion -- References -- Development of Agriculture and Rural Finance in Vietnam -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Agriculture's Low Equilibrium Trap -- The Importance of Property Rights in Vietnam's Agrarian Transformation -- Rural Financial Markets -- The Reform and Performance of Vietnam's Rural Financial Sector -- Concluding Comments -- References -- Poverty and Environment: A Review of Issues and Evidences of Malaysia -- Introduction -- Poverty in Malaysia -- Incidence of Poverty and its Impacts on Livelihood -- Linking Poverty and Environment -- Conceptual Framework -- Case Studies -- Urban Poverty: Squatters -- Rural Poverty -- i) Artisanal Fishermen -- ii) Shifting Cultivators -- iii) Orang Asli -- Constraints Faced by the Poor in Employing Environmentally Sustainable Livelihood -- Importance of Environmental Sustainability in National Policies and Plans -- National Programmes to Promote Environmental Sustainability -- Natural Resources Management -- Land Resources -- Water Resources -- Biodiversity -- Forest Resources -- Energy and Mineral -- Coastal and Marine Resources.

Existing Barriers to Promoting Environmental Sustainability -- Developmental Pressure -- Capacity to Implement Regulatory and Market- Based Instruments -- Conclusion -- Recommendations -- i) Strengthening Mechanisms -- ii) Integrated Environmental Sustainability and Poverty Eradication -- References -- Policy Failures and Environmental Externalities: Case of Oil Palm in Malaysia and Indonesia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Linking Trade Expansion and Haze Externalities: Theoretical Framework -- The Formal Framework - Hertel's Comparative Static Model -- Simulation Results -- Summary and Policy Implications -- Endogenous Variables -- Exogenous Variables -- Ad-Valorem Policies -- References -- Searching for A Better Credit System to Help Improve Farmers' Income: A Reflection from Study on Agricultural Credit Users in Lombok, Indonesia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Current Credit Demand and Actual Borrowing -- Farmers Did Not Always Allocate Credit to Farming Activities -- To What Extent Could Credit Assist Farmers? -- Improving Credit Systems -- Credit Distribution -- Credit Monitoring -- Repayment Collection -- Education and Extension for Credit Clients -- Conclusion -- References -- Gender Inequality and Poverty: The Kenyan Case -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Gender Inequality in the Allocation of Agricultural Resources -- Culture and Allocation of Resources -- Allocation of Resources and Bargaining Power -- Human Development Index -- Criticism of the Human Development Index -- Gender Related Development Index (GDI) -- Gender Empowerment Measure (Gem) -- Criticism of the Gender Empowerment Measure -- Education and Literacy Levels -- Female/Male Ratios in Decision-Making Institutions -- Life Expectancy -- GDP Per Capita Levels -- Poverty Rates -- Conclusion -- References.

Indonesia, ASEAN and the ASEAN Regional Forum: Convergent Trends in Regional and National Development -- Introduction: Indonesian 'Centrality' -- National and Regional Diversity -- Transnational and Transboundary Effects -- Human Security at The Regional Level -- Conclusion -- References -- Experiences Gained in Poverty Alleviation and Lessons Learnt -- Introduction -- Policy Requirements for Poverty Reduction -- Poverty and Environment Relationship Issues -- Importance of Manufacturing, Services and Agricultural Sector for Poverty Alleviation -- Gender Related Poverty -- Social Sector Development -- Conclusion -- Index.