CONTENTS -- Foreword: A New Look at the Land of Contrasts -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Brazil's Goals -- Interrelated Themes -- 1 A World of Difference -- Growth Trends and Patterns -- Trade and Innovation -- Macroeconomic Stability -- Incidence of Poverty -- Regional Diversity -- 2 Welfare -- Brazil's Inequalities -- Overview of Differences within Brazil -- Inequalities in Education -- Differences in Remuneration -- Distribution of Public Spending -- Income Distribution and Poverty -- Urban Scale of Poverty -- Beyond Income Poverty -- 3 Productivity -- Productivity and Growth -- Lessons from Other Countries -- Returns to Better Services -- Payoffs to Infrastructure -- Business-Friendly Environment -- Knowledge and Technology -- Access to Financial Services -- Flexible Labor Laws -- 4 Sustainability -- Precious Assets -- Value of Forests -- Endangered Biomes -- Water Resources -- Agricultural Practices -- Rural Development Patterns -- 5 Institutions -- Agents for Change -- Fiscal Flexibility -- Regulatory Framework: Licensing -- Service Delivery -- Integration across Sectors -- Decentralization of Government -- Participation of the People -- Governance and Corruption -- How Institutions Help or Hinder -- 6 Quality -- Quantity and Quality: Practical Implications -- Nature of Stabilization -- Impact of Government Spending -- Educational Achievements -- Results of Health Programs -- More from Social Protection -- Resources for the Future -- 7 Brazil's Agenda -- Investing in All Assets -- Growth and Beyond -- More Productivity from All -- Sustainability for Poverty Reduction -- Political Reform -- Shift to a Focus on Quality -- Tying It Together -- Bibliography -- Index -- Boxes -- 1.1 Determining the Size of the Primary Surplus -- 2.1 Welfare Differences -- 3.1 Total Factor Productivity.

4.1 Environment and Growth -- 5.1 The Development Cycle -- 6.1 The Notion of Quality -- 7.1 Scoring Goals -- Figures -- 1 Quality Threads across the Themes -- 1.1 Public Sector Net Debt and Primary Surplus as a Share of GDP -- 2.1 Distribution of Household per capita Income, Selected World Regions, 1990s -- 2.2 Net Secondary Enrollment and per capita GDP, Selected Countries, 1998 -- 2.3 Wage by Skill Level, 1990s -- 2.4 Impact of Taxes and Transfers on Reducing Inequality, Selected Countries -- 2.5 Ceará: Baseline Poverty and Poverty Adjusted for Education Expenditures -- 3.1 Evolution of TFP in Brazil, with U.S. Comparison -- 3.2 Years to Resolve Insolvency, 2003 -- 3.3 Expanding Opportunities: Brazil and the Rep. of Korea -- 3.4 Credit to the Private Sector as a Share of GDP, Selected Countries, 2003 -- 4.1 Average Yearly Deforestation in the Amazon, 1978-2004 -- 4.2 Deforestation in the Amazon by State -- 4.3 Percentage of Deforestation along Paved and Unpaved Roads -- 5.1 Public Spending on Social Protection in Selected Countries and Regions, as Percentage of GDP -- 5.2 Control of Corruption in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2004 -- 6.1 Evolution of Earmarked Revenues, 1970 -2002 -- 6.2 Municipal Administrative Expenses per Student and Student Pass Rate -- 6.3 Infant Mortality and GDP per capita, Selected Countries -- 6.4 Where Health Care Is Obtained,by Consumption Quintile,Urban Brazil, 1997 -- Maps -- 1 Brazil Regions -- 4.1 Comparative Size of the Brazilian Amazon and Europe -- Tables -- 1.1 Growth Rates of Real GDP: Selected World Regions and Countries -- 1.2 Comparing Debt and Deficits in Brazil, China, and India -- 2.1 Proportion of Each Age Group in Poverty, Latin American Countries, 1998 -- 3.1 Growth of Output, Physical Capital, Human Capital, and TFP -- 3.2 Penetration of Microfinance in Latin American Countries, 2001.

4.1 Annual Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Top 20 Countries, 2000 -- 4.2 Comparing Benefits and Costs of Water Programs -- 6.1 Health Quality Indicators in Brazil, India, and China.