Foreword -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- Overview -- Purpose -- Hydrological Context -- Ecological Context -- Landscape Context -- Cultural Setting -- Rationale for Riparian Ecology -- Setting the Stage -- 2 Catchments and the Physical Template -- Overview -- Purpose -- Catchments and Hierarchical Patterns of Geomorphic Features -- Catchment Form and Channel Networks -- Catchment History -- Hierarchical Patterns of Geomorphic Features in Catchments -- Geomorphic Processes and Process Domains -- Headwater Erosion -- Channel Processes -- Floodplain and Channel Interactions -- Hydrologic Connectivity and Surface Water-Groundwater Exchange -- Surface Connectivity and Flooding -- The Dynamics of the Linked Surface-Subsurface Hydrologic System -- Conclusions -- 3 Riparian Typology -- Overview -- Purpose -- The Historical Context -- Theoretical Basis for Classification -- Application of Ecological Information -- Inventory -- Classification -- Emerging Classification Concepts -- Geomorphic Classification -- Hierarchical Classification -- Rosgen's Classification -- Geomorphic Characterization (Aspect I) -- Morphologic Description (Aspect II) -- The Process Domain Concept -- The Hydrogeomorphic Approach -- Biotic Classification -- Soils -- Plants -- Wildlife -- Treating Complexity and Heterogeneity in Classification Systems -- Attributes of an Enduring Classification System -- Conclusions -- 4 Structural Patterns -- Overview -- Purpose -- Life History Strategies -- Morphological and Physiological Adaptations of Riparian Plants -- Reproductive Strategies -- Distribution, Structure, and Abundance -- Identification of Riparian Zones Based on Soils and Vegetation Type -- Biophysical Characteristics of Riparian Soils -- Organic Matter -- Moisture -- Fauna -- General Distributions of Aboveground and Belowground Communities -- Lateral Zonation.

Longitudinal Zonation -- Successional and Seasonal Community Patterns -- Vegetative Succession -- Faunal Succession -- Density, Basal Area, and Biomass -- Biological Diversity -- Diversity Theory and Measurement -- Vegetative Diversity -- Site and Catchment Patterns -- Refuges -- Factors Controlling Species Richness -- Faunal Diversity -- Diversity of Soil Organisms -- Aboveground Fauna Diversity -- 5 Biotic Functions of Riparia -- Overview -- Purpose -- Water Use and Flux -- Nutrient Fluxes -- Overview of Cycles and Processes -- Production Ecology -- Growth and Metabolism of Riparian Trees -- Timing of Growth and Rates of Net Primary Production -- Litterfall -- Mortality Rates -- Root Production -- Decomposition Dynamics -- Principles of Decomposition Dynamics -- Litter Quality -- Exogenous Nutrient Supply -- Temperature -- Oxygen Tension -- Nutrient Dynamics During Decay -- Factors Controlling Immobilization of Nitrogen -- Initial Litter Quality -- Exogenous Nutrient Supply -- Anaerobic Decay -- Temperature -- Mechanisms of Nitrogen Immobilization -- Nitrogen Accumulation in Microbial Biomass -- Nitrogen Accumulation in By-Products of Microbial Activity -- Decomposition of Riparian Litter -- Information Fluxes -- Microclimate -- Conclusions -- 6 Biophysical Connectivity and Riparian Functions -- Overview -- Purpose -- Patch Dynamics and a Landscape Perspective of Catchments -- Nutrient Flows -- Riparian Zones as Buffers Against Nutrient Pollution from Upland Runoff -- Riparian Zones as Buffers Against High In-Stream Nutrient Levels -- Particle-Nutrient Considerations -- Energy Flows and Food Webs -- Energy Flows Between Riparia and Adjoining Aquatic Systems -- Large Animal Connections -- The Functional Grouping of Large Animal Interactions -- Pacific Salmon Influences on Riparian Ecosystems -- Conclusions -- 7 Disturbance and Agents of Change.

Overview -- Purpose -- Major Categories of Change -- Human Demography -- Resource Use -- Technology Development -- Social Organization -- Riparian Disturbances -- Defining Anthropogenic Disturbance -- Understanding History: Basic Concepts and Approaches -- Legacies and Lag-Times -- Cumulative Effects -- Historical Examples of Riparian Alterations -- Pervasive Human-Mediated Changes -- Disturbance Ecology: Responses to Stress -- Ecological Consequences of Flow Regulation -- Theory -- Extent of Flow Regulation -- Effects on Native Species and Processes -- Alterations to Energy and Nutrient Budgets -- Basic Ecological Principles -- Consequences of Global Climate and Land Use Changes -- Climate Change -- Changes in Temperature Regimes -- Changes in Precipitation and Runoff Regimes -- Early Snowmelt Runoff -- Increased Precipitation Variability -- Reduced Discharge -- Can Riparia Adapt to Climate Change? -- Land Use Change -- Temperature Regimes -- Nutrient Enrichment -- Invasive Species -- Conclusions -- 8 Management -- Overview -- Purpose -- Riparian Management: A Recent and Evolving Concern -- Economic Valuation of Riparia -- Social and Cultural Perspective -- Suitable Management Institutions -- Information Collection and Dissemination -- Riparian Management: A Process Linked to Catchment and to River Management -- Riparian Benefits from Catchment Management -- Riparian Benefits from River Management -- Catchments and Rivers Benefit from Riparian Management -- Riparian Management: A Highly Specific Process -- Adaptiveness -- Sustainability -- Appropriateness -- Timber Harvest Practices -- Revegetation of Riverbanks -- Human Dimension of Riparian Management -- Shared Socioenvironmental Visions -- Social-Ecological Systems -- Communication Needs -- Conclusions -- Riparian Management as an Emerging Issue -- 9 Conservation -- Overview -- Purpose.

Conserving Riparia for Biodiversity -- Conserving Riparia for Ecosystem Services -- Conserving Riparia for their Hydrologic Effects -- Riparian Conservation in a Management Context -- Human Benefits from Riparian Conservation -- Emergence of New Conservation Legislation -- Riparian Conservation for the Long Term -- Approaching Scientific Uncertainty in Ecological Problem Solving -- Integrating Ecological Knowledge with the Social and Ethical Aspects -- Conclusions -- 10 Restoration -- Overview -- Purpose -- General Principles and Definitions -- Returning to More Natural Hydrologic Regimes -- Developing a Restoration Plan -- Getting Organized -- Identifying Problems and Opportunities -- Defining Goals and Objectives -- Implementing, Monitoring, and Evaluating -- Financial Incentives -- Setting Priorities -- Assessing the Ecological Integrity of Riparia -- Specific Enhancements -- Implementing Riparian Silvicultural Practices -- Reintroducing Large Woody Debris -- Designing Riparian Buffer Zones -- Prescribed Grazing -- Optimizing Riparia for Biodiversity -- Conclusions -- 11 Synthesis -- Overview -- Purpose -- Riparia as Keystone Units of Catchment Ecosystems -- Riparia as Nodes of Ecological Organization -- A Unified Perspective of Riparian Ecology -- Developing a Future Vision -- Scenario Development -- Forecasting, Prediction, and Projection -- Emerging Perspectives, Tools, and Approaches -- Emerging Perspectives -- Emerging Tools and Approaches -- Aboveground -- Belowground -- General Techniques -- Principles for the Ecological Management of Riparia -- Global Environmental Change -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index.