Front Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- PART 1 Sustainable Urban Transport Financing -- Chapter 1 Challenges for Urban Transport Financing and Cities' "Underfunding Trap" -- Model Analysis of Urban Transport Finance Investments for Cities of Different Scale -- Insufficiency of Revenue Sources and the Underfunding Trap -- Impacts of Transport Underfinancing on Economic Development and Urban Poor -- Partial Strategies in Current Literature -- Notes -- Chapter 2 Analytical Framework for Urban Transport Financing from the Sidewalk to the Subway -- Framework Overview -- Who Benefits Pays -- Wise Investments: Sustainable Financing and Sustainable Transport -- Complementary Sources of Revenue and Addressing Periodicity -- Notes -- Chapter 3 Framework Analysis of Public and Private Financing Instruments -- Overview -- Measure of Benefits and Funding Periodicity -- Revenue Levels and Financial and Transport Sustainability -- Notes -- Chapter 4 From the Sidewalk to the Subway: Comprehensive and Sustainable Urban Transport Financing -- Combining Instruments to Finance Transport Investments -- Moving Forward: Integrated Transport Planning, Wise Investments, and the Role for Public Subsidies -- Note -- Chapter 5 Conclusion -- PART 2 Financing Instruments -- Chapter 6 General Benefit Instruments -- Public Transport Subsidies, Property Taxes, and National and International Grants and Loans -- Climate-Related Financing Instruments -- Notes -- Chapter 7 Direct Benefit Instruments -- Chapter 8 Indirect Benefit Instruments -- Advertising and Employer Contributions -- Value Capture Strategies -- Notes -- Chapter 9 Public-Private Partnerships -- Bibliography -- Figures -- 1.1 Typical Pattern of Capital, Operation, and Maintenance Expenditures for Transport.

1.2 Total Estimated Costs (Capital, Operation, and Maintenance) for Medium, Large, and Mega Cities over 20 Years -- 1.3 Infrastructure Needs (a) and Estimated Total Cost of Capital and Maintenance (b) for Bogota's Road Network over 20 Years -- 1.4 Schematic Representation of a City's Underfunding Trap Based on Empirical Data for the Bogota Transport System -- 1.5 Total Costs (Explicit and Implicit) and Benefits of Cars and Public Transport -- 4.1 Use of Financing Instruments for Capital, Operations, and Maintenance Costs by Urban Transport Mode -- 4.2 Use of Financing Instruments for Different Elements of the Urban Transport System -- 6.1 Overview of Climate Financing Instruments -- 8.1 Value Capture Strategies and Spatial Distribution -- 9.1 Types of Public-Private Partnerships -- Tables -- 1.1 City Sizes and Associated Transport Infrastructure -- 1.2 Main Revenue Sources in Urban Transport -- 2.1 Financing Instruments by Type of Beneficiary -- 3.1 Summarized Analysis Framework for Evaluating Urban Transport Financing -- 3.2 Financing of Capital, Operations, and Maintenance Using General Benefit Instruments -- 3.3 Financing of Capital, Operations, and Maintenance Using Direct Benefit Instruments -- 3.4 Financing of Capital, Operations, and Maintenance Using Indirect Benefit Instruments -- 3.5 Revenue Levels and Financial and Transport Sustainability of General Benefit Financing Instruments -- 3.6 Main Elements of National Support Programs for Urban Transport Projects -- 3.7 Revenue Levels and Financial and Transport Sustainability of Direct Benefit Financing Instruments -- 3.8 Revenue Levels and Financial and Transport Sustainability of Indirect Benefit Financing Instruments -- 6.1 Framework Analysis Results for Public Transport Subsidies -- 6.2 Framework Analysis Results for Property Taxes.

6.3 Framework Analysis Results for National and International Loans and Grants -- 6.4 Framework Analysis Results for the Global Environment Facility (GEF) -- 6.5 Framework Analysis Results for the Clean Technology Fund -- 6.6 Framework Analysis Results for the Clean Development Mechanism -- 7.1 Framework Analysis Results for Parking Charges -- 7.2 Framework Analysis Results for Road Pricing -- 7.3 Framework Analysis Results for Congestion Charges -- 7.4 Framework Analysis Results for Fuel Taxes/Surcharges -- 7.5 Framework Analysis Results for Vehicle Taxation -- 7.6 Framework Analysis Results for Fare Box Revenue -- 8.1 Framework Analysis Results for Advertising -- 8.2 Framework Analysis Results for Employer Contributions -- 8.3 Overview of Value Capture Financing Mechanisms -- 8.4 Framework Analysis Results for Land Value Taxation and Betterment Levies -- 8.5 Framework Analysis Results for Tax Increment Financing -- 8.6 Framework Analysis Results for Special Assessment -- 8.7 Framework Analysis Results for Transport Utility Fees -- 8.8 Framework Analysis Results for Development Impact Fees -- 8.9 Framework Analysis Results for Negotiated Exactions -- 8.10 Joint Development Categories by Ownership Features -- 8.11 Framework Analysis Results for Joint Development -- 8.12 Framework Analysis Results for Air Rights -- 9.1 Types of Public-Private Partnerships -- 9.2 Framework Analysis Results for Public-Private Partnerships -- Back Cover.