Sugarcane: Physiology, Biochemistry, and Functional Biology -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Sugarcane: The Crop, the Plant, and Domestication -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SINGULAR PROPERTIES OF THE GENUS SACCHARUM AND ITS MEMBERS -- Taxonomy -- Genome structure of modern cultivars -- SECONDARY AND TERTIARY GENE POOLS, GERMPLASM RESOURCES -- Related genera -- Germplasm resources -- Passport and descriptor information -- Phenotypic evaluation -- Core collections -- EVOLUTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF SUGARCANES -- The origin of sugarcane -- Origins of S. barberi and S. sinense -- Cultivated noble canes for sugar production -- Interbreeding of S. officinarum to produce noble cultivars -- Breeding through nobilization to produce hybrid cultivars -- Breeding of nobilized canes to produce hybrid cultivars -- Breeding to broaden the genetic base -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Anatomy and Morphology -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- PLANT MORPHOLOGY -- THE CULM -- Development of the culm from the shoot apical meristem -- Numbering of phytomeric units -- The node -- The internode -- The lateral bud -- Functional significance of variation in the culm tissues -- THE LEAF -- THE INFLORESCENCE -- THE ROOT -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Developmental Stages (Phenology) -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT -- Stage 0: germination, sprouting -- Stage 1: leaf development of the main shoot -- Stage 2: tillering and side shoots -- Stage 3: stem elongation -- Stage 4: development of harvestable vegetative plant parts or vegetatively propagated organs -- Stage 5: emergence of inflorescence -- Stage 6: flowering -- Stage 7: development of fruit -- Stage 8: ripening of seed -- Stage 9: senescence and dormancy -- DEVELOPMENT OF ROOTS -- MOLECULAR CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 4 Ripening and Postharvest Deterioration -- SUMMARY -- ABBREVIATIONS LIST -- NATURAL RIPENING -- Introduction -- Nitrogen -- Temperature -- Crop age -- Drying-off-induced water stress -- CHEMICAL RIPENING -- Introduction -- The physiology of chemical ripening -- Agronomic and environmental factors influencing crop response to chemical ripeners -- Residual (after) effects of chemical ripeners on ratoon regrowth and yield -- POSTHARVEST DETERIORATION -- Introduction -- Location and magnitude of postharvest deterioration -- Nature of postharvest deterioration -- Postharvest deterioration control and measurement -- Deterioration of sugarcane leaves -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Mineral Nutrition of Sugarcane -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS IN PLANT NUTRITION -- Production focus for plant nutrition -- Sustainability focus for plant nutrition -- Maintaining soil fertility -- PRIMARY NUTRIENTS -- Nitrogen -- Phosphorus -- Potassium -- SECONDARY NUTRIENTS -- Calcium -- Magnesium -- Sulfur -- MINOR NUTRIENTS -- Copper -- Zinc -- Boron -- Manganese -- Iron -- Molybdenum -- Chlorine -- BENEFICIAL ELEMENT -- Silicon -- TOXIC ELEMENT -- Aluminum and acidity -- NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF GENETIC MANIPULATION TO PLANT NUTRITION -- Introduction -- What are the targets? -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 Photosynthesis in Sugarcane -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS-AGRONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE -- THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF C3 AND C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- C3 photosynthesis -- The C4 metabolic pathway -- Structure-function relationships -- ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY -- The response of photosynthesis to intercellular CO2 concentration (the A/Ci curve) -- Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 -- The temperature responses of net CO2 assimilation rate (the A/T response).

Biochemical mechanisms controlling the temperature response of A -- Chilling effects on A -- Stomatal limitations -- Humidity response -- Light response -- Nitrogen response -- PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY IN SUGARCANE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Respiration as a Competitive Sink for Sucrose Accumulation in Sugarcane Culm: Perspectives and Open Questions -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- TOWARD UNDERSTANDING RESPIRATION AND PLANT YIELD IN SUGARCANE -- Key processes that alter carbon partitioning in sugarcane -- Physiological processes driving respiratory performance and sucrose accumulation in C4 grasses -- Exploring key regulators of catabolic respiration in sugarcane versus other monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crop and model species -- TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF RESPIRATION -- IDENTIFYING CORE GENES INVOLVED IN POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF RESPIRATORY FLUX IN SUGARCANE -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Nitrogen Physiology of Sugarcane -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SETTING THE SCENE: NITROGEN IN THE SUGARCANE CROP SYSTEM -- MICROBIAL ASSOCIATIONS AND SYMBIOSES FOR NITROGEN ACQUISITION -- NITROGEN AND SUGARCANE PRODUCTIVITY -- Nitrogen use efficiency -- Genetic variation in iNUE -- Field screening of genotypes for NUE -- N allocation to aboveground plant tissues -- Leaf N and photosynthesis -- Root systems -- Storage of N in belowground tissues -- NITROGEN ASSIMILATION AND AGRONOMIC GAINS -- Nitrogen source preferences of sugarcane -- Membrane transporters facilitating nitrogen uptake from soil -- Nitrogen assimilation enzymes and nitrogen transport compounds -- Nitrogen and carbon metabolism -- IMPROVING NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY THROUGH GENETIC ENGINEERING -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Water Relations and Cell Expansion of Storage Tissue -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION.

PROPERTIES OF WATER, CELL WALLS, AND CELL MEMBRANES -- APPLYING PRINCIPLES OF WATER RELATIONS TO SUGARCANE -- PLASTIC VERSUS ELASTIC CELL EXPANSION -- WATER-POTENTIAL ISOTHERMS -- ESTIMATING APOPLASTIC VOLUME IN SUGARCANE -- SUGARCANE CULM GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT -- EARLY MODEL OF SUCROSE ACCUMULATION IN CULM TISSUE -- APOPLASTIC SUCROSE -- Measuring turgor and solute potential -- Sink strength of culm tissue -- Osmotic isolation of the apoplast -- Sucrose unloading -- Evidence for extracellular hydrostatic pressure -- Apoplastic sucrose helps sustain bacterial endophytes -- SUGARCANE SPECIES COMPARISONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Water, Transpiration, and Gas Exchange -- SUMMARY -- ABBREVIATION LIST -- THE CHALLENGE OF GAS EXCHANGE -- Sugarcane in context -- A role for stomata -- THE PROPERTIES OF WATER -- TRANSPORT OF LIQUID WATER -- Xylem-phloem relations -- The path of liquid water -- TRANSPORT OF WATER VAPOR -- Stomatal dimensions -- Cuticular conductance -- Boundary layer conductance -- STOMATAL REGULATION OF WATER LOSS -- Irradiance and photosynthesis -- Soil moisture and hydraulic conductance -- Humidity, boundary layer, and transpiration -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Transport Proteins in Plant Growth and Development -- SUMMARY -- TRANSPORT BASICS -- FACILITATED DIFFUSION -- ACTIVE TRANSPORTERS -- Primary active transporters -- Secondary active transporters -- ION TRANSPORT -- MEMBRANE TRANSPORT IN THE CONTEXT OF WHOLE PLANT PHYSIOLOGY -- Shoot translocation -- Root uptake of mineral nutrients -- FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT PROTEINS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 Phloem Transport of Resources -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF RESOURCE TRANSPORT IN THE PHLOEM -- Intercellular transport-apoplastic and symplastic routes.

Phloem-a supracellular highway serving the entire plant body -- Phloem transport mechanism(s)-Mϋnch pressure flow hypothesis prevails -- Phloem sap-a plant growth medium -- Phloem loading -- Phloem unloading -- Section summary -- PHLOEM TRANSPORT OF RESOURCES IN SUGARCANE -- Phloem loading -- Transport phloem -- Phloem unloading -- Environmental effects on phloem translocation -- Section summary -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 Cell Walls: Structure and Biogenesis -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- Functions and significance of the cell wall and its economic uses -- Principles of cell wall construction -- Some definitions -- DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF SUGARCANE CELL WALL COMPOSITION -- MAJOR CELL WALL CONSTITUENTS -- Cellulose -- Hemicelluloses -- Pectins -- Lignin -- Other cell wall components -- EXPANSIVE GROWTH OF THE CELL WALL -- GRASS CELL WALLS AS FORAGE AND BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK -- Alteration of cell wall-esterified ferulate content -- Alteration of cell wall lignification -- CLOSING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14 Hormones and Growth Regulators -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- AUXIN -- Discovery -- Biosynthesis and metabolism -- Transport -- Developmental effects -- Biological roles -- Signal transduction -- GIBBERELLINS -- Discovery -- Structure -- Biosynthesis and metabolism -- Transport -- Developmental effects -- Gibberellins, environmental interactions, and sugarcane growth -- Biological roles -- Signal transduction -- CYTOKININS -- Discovery -- Structure -- Biosynthesis and metabolism -- Transport -- Developmental effects -- Biological roles -- Signal transduction -- ETHYLENE -- Discovery -- Structure -- Biosynthesis and metabolism -- Transport -- Developmental effects -- Biological roles -- Signal transduction -- ABSCISIC ACID -- Discovery -- Structure -- Biosynthesis and metabolism -- Transport -- Developmental effects.

Biological roles.