Water Resources in the Built Environment: Management Issues and Solutions -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Section 1 Introduction to the Book -- 1 Water Resources : Balancing too Little Versus too Much -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Too Little Versus too Much -- 1.3 Structure of the Book -- 1.4 Conclusions -- References -- Section 2 Water Demand, Policy and Cost -- 2 Meeting Demand: Water Strategy, Policy and Legislation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Legislative and Regulatory Framework for Managing the Water Resources -- 2.3 Water Management and Conservation for the Future -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Water Privatisation and Regulation: The UK Experience -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The First Country to Fully Privatise its Water and Sewerage Business -- 3.3 Water Privatisation and Structure -- 3.4 The Water Industry and the Domestic Market -- 3.5 The Water Industry and the Market for Business Customers -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Urban Water Economics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Externalities -- 4.3 Pollution Control (of Water Resources at a Market or Zero Price) -- 4.4 Natural Resource Economics and Water -- 4.5 Resource Valuation and Measurement -- 4.6 International Issues and Development in Water -- 4.7 Conclusions -- References -- Section 3 Water Infrastructure and Supply -- 5 Impacts and Issues of Dams and Reservoirs -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Building Dams -- 5.3 Historical and Global Context -- 5.4 Environmental Impact -- 5.5 Socioeconomic Impact -- 5.6 Socioeconomic Impacts of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project -- 5.7 Socioeconomic Impacts of the Manwan Dam, Upper Mekong River, China -- 5.8 Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of the Three Gorges Dam, China -- 5.9 Dam Risks: Incidents and Failures -- 5.10 Insights into the UNEP Dams Project -- 5.11 Conclusions -- References.

6 Powering the Water Industry -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Conventional Approach -- 6.3 Hydropower -- 6.4 Micro and Small Hydros -- 6.5 Other Factors -- 6.6 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Water Quality and Treatment -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Water Quality -- 7.3 Drinking Water Safety Plans -- 7.4 Urban Growth and Water Demand -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Desalination -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Desalination Technologies -- 8.3 Developing Technologies -- 8.4 Economics of Desalination -- 8.5 Small and Domestic Scale Desalination Plants -- 8.6 Environmental Impacts -- 8.7 Renewable Energy Sources and Desalination -- 8.8 The Future of Desalination and Sustainable Water Supplies -- 8.9 Case Study: The Thames Water Desalination Plant -- 8.10 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Delivering and Designing for Potable Water in Buildings -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Regulating Water Supply -- 9.3 Water Supply to Domestic Low-Rise Buildings -- 9.4 Water Supply to Medium and High-Rise Buildings (or Those with Insufficient Mains Pressure) -- 9.5 Pipe Sizing and Flow Rate Design in Buildings -- 9.6 Pipework Maintenance Issues -- 9.7 Future Issues -- References -- Section 4 Water Conservation Strategies -- 10 Water Neutrality - An Overview -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Defining Water Neutrality -- 10.3 Strategies for Water Neutrality Implementation -- 10.4 Funding Mechanisms -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Building Regulations for Water Conservation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 What are the Building Regulations? -- 11.3 Background to the Changes in Approved Document G -- 11.4 Changes to Approved Document G and the Water Calculator for New Dwellings -- 11.5 Rainwater and Greywater Recycling -- 11.6 Case Study: Calculating Water Usage -- 11.7 Other Household Water Conservation Measures -- 11.8 Conclusions -- References.

12 Rainwater Harvesting - Reaping a Free and Plentiful Supply of Water -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 What is Rainwater Harvesting? -- 12.3 Policy -- 12.4 Rainwater Harvesting Design -- 12.5 Water Quality -- 12.6 Water Quantity -- 12.7 Cost-Benefit Analysis and Whole Life Costs -- 12.8 Case Studies -- 12.9 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Greywater Harvesting - Reusing, Recycling and Saving Household Water -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Insights into Greywater Harvesting -- 13.3 The Potential for Using Greywater Harvesting Systems -- 13.4 Case Studies in the United Kingdom -- 13.5 The Future of Greywater Harvesting -- 13.6 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Inland Waterway Systems - A Solution to Drought and Flooding Issues -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The Past -- 14.3 The Present - Canals in the 20th Century -- 14.4 Sourcing and Conserving Water Supplies -- 14.5 A Climate Resilient Future -- 14.6 Conclusions -- References -- Section 5 Flooding Responses and Reinstatement -- 15 Urban Precipitation: Measurements, Monitoring and Processes -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Types of Precipitation -- 15.3 Urban Climate and Potential Impacts -- 15.4 Urban Irrigation -- 15.5 Urban Effects on Rainfall Variability -- 15.6 Precipitation Variability in Thunderstorms -- 15.7 Measuring Precipitation -- 15.8 Spatial and Temporal Precipitation Monitoring -- 15.9 Case Study of Small-Scale Variability: Spatial Variability in Precipitation within the Hilton Experimental Site, Shropshire, UK -- 15.10 Conclusions -- References -- 16 Urbanisation and Stormwater -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Urbanisation and Flood Risk -- 16.3 Urban Drainage Systems -- 16.4 Problems with Drainage Systems -- 16.5 Sewer Flooding -- 16.6 Drainage System Capacity -- 16.7 Increasing or Decreasing Impermeable Surfaces -- 16.8 Storage -- 16.9 Stormwater Quality -- 16.10 Conclusions -- References.

17 River Flood Defences -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 The Historical Context -- 17.3 The Future -- 17.4 Conclusions -- References -- 18 Coastal Flood Defences - Strategies for Protection in the United Kingdom -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Holding Back the Sea -- 18.3 The Nature and Complexity of the Coastal Processes -- 18.4 Coastal Flood Defences -- 18.5 The Strategy of Managed Retreat -- 18.6 Flooding Challenges from Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise -- 18.7 Changing Populations, Land Management and Development -- 18.8 Important National Infrastructure -- 18.9 Proportionate Risk-Based Approaches to Flood Risk Management -- 18.10 Beneficiaries Should be Encouraged to Invest in Risk Management -- 18.11 A View to the Future - Strategies Requiring Innovations and New Solutions -- 18.12 Conclusions -- References -- 19 The Costs of Flooding on Households -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Economic Costs of Flooding -- 19.3 Financial Costs of Flooding -- 19.4 Conclusions -- References -- 20 The Role of Market-Based Flood Insurance in Maintaining Communities at Risk of Flooding: A SWOT Analysis -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Strengths -- 20.3 Weaknesses -- 20.4 Threats -- 20.5 Opportunities -- 20.6 Conclusions -- References -- 21 Holistic Property-Level Flood Protection -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Flood Resistance -- 21.3 Flood Resilience -- 21.4 Current Situation Facing Homeowners -- 21.5 Holistic Solutions -- 21.6 Conclusions -- References -- Section 6 Flood Solutions in the Urban Landscape -- 22 Sustainable Drainage Systems - Features and Designs -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Water and Landscape - One and Indivisible -- 22.3 Conclusions -- References -- Acknowledgements -- 23 Drainage Benefits of Porous, Permeable and Pervious Paving -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Rethinking Stormwater Drainage -- 23.3 Porous, Permeable and Pervious Pavement Systems.

23.4 Porous Pavements -- 23.5 Cost Implications of Utilising PPS -- 23.6 Design Considerations -- 23.7 Infiltration through PPSs -- 23.8 Maintenance to Enhance Infiltration -- 23.9 Water Quality Improvements -- 23.10 Biodegradation of Pollutants by Microorganisms -- 23.11 Directions of Further Investigation -- 23.12 Conclusions -- References -- 24 Multiple Benefits of Green Infrastructure -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 What is Green Infrastructure? -- 24.3 Benefits of Green Infrastructure -- 24.4 Barriers to Implementation of GI -- 24.5 The Value of GI -- 24.6 Conclusions -- References -- 25 Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Management -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Treatment Processes in Constructed Wetlands -- 25.3 Different Types and Deployment of Constructed Wetlands and Reedbeds -- 25.4 Performance of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Management -- 25.5 Design Considerations for Constructed Wetlands -- 25.6 Construction and Maintenance Considerations for Constructed Wetlands -- 25.7 Costs of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Management -- 25.8 Conclusions -- References -- 26 Wastewater Treatment Infrastructure and Design -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Wastewater Treatment Technologies -- 26.3 Factors Affecting Investment in UK Wastewater Treatment Infrastructure -- 26.4 Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Section 7 International Case Studies -- 27 An Overview of Management Issues in Developing a Sustainable Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Service Delivery in Nigeria -- 27.1 Introduction -- 27.2 Background on WASH Development -- 27.3 Situation of WASH in Nigeria -- 27.4 Sanitation and Hygiene -- 27.5 New Approach to Rural Sanitation -- 27.6 The Sanitation Ladder Concept -- 27.7 Management and Sustainability of WASH facilities -- 27.8 Rural WASH in Nigeria -- 27.9 Conclusions -- References.

28 Balancing Flood Risk and Water Scarcity of the Asian Delta Regions.