Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- Economic Science And The Human Being -- Science -- Technology -- A Brief Evaluation Of Economic Ideologies -- The Subject Matter Of Economics -- Whose Interests Have Priority In The System? -- Economic Power & Behavior -- Being Selfish Vs. Unselfish (Benevolent) -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 1- Production Factors, Productive Forces & Income Distribution -- Introduction -- The Purpose And The Subject -- Factors Of Production (Fop) & Productive Factors (Pf) -- Factors Of Production (Fop) -- Productive Factors (Pfs) -- Nature: A "Factor Of Production" As Well As A "Productive" Factor -- Ecological Balance And The Sustainability Of Production -- Labor (Laborer): A "Factor Of Production" As Well As A "Productive" Factor -- Some Related Definitions -- The Concept Labor (Laborer) (L) - Reconsidered -- Capital: Is It A "Productive" Factor? -- Historical Perspective -- Is Capital A "Productive" Factor Capable Of Generating Value? -- Capital Reconsidered -- Origin Of The Capital-Goods -- Is Capital A Scarce Factor Of Production? -- Other Factors Of Production -- Human Capital: Laborer Or Capital? -- Human Capital & The Laborer Without Mental Abilities -- Types Of Incomes: "Earned Vs. Unearned" -- 1- Wages - "Earned Income" -- 2- Profit: - "Earned" Or "Unearned" Income? -- 3- Interest - "Unearned" Income -- 4- Rent: "Unearned Income" -- Functional Income Distribution -- 1- Income Distribution With A "Given" Technology -- 2- Income Distribution With "Technological Progress" -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2- On Value And Price -- Introduction -- The Hypothesis -- Why Price Theory? -- Towards A New Mindset" -- A Brief Historical Review -- The Original Sources Of Value: Nature And Labor- Power -- The Labor-Power -- Value Generation - A Simple Model -- Initial Exchange Conditions.

"Unfair" Equilibrium -- Unequal Exchange -- A More Likely Outcome -- Different Qualities Of Mental Labor -- Value-Price Relation -- Relative Prices -- Relative Prices In The Service Sector -- Commodity Sector Price Formation -- Transformation Of Values Into Prices -- A Case Of "Barter-Exchange" -- Price Formation In A Monetary Economy -- Production With Multiple Inputs -- How Influential Is Variations In Demand? -- Technological- (Macro-) Productivity Growth & Price -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3- The Creative Mind & New Technologies -- Introduction -- The Subject Of This Study -- Knowledge - Science & Technology -- Knowledge -- Science Or Scientific Knowledge -- Productive Knowledge (Technology) -- A Brief Historical Review -- A. Smith -- Ricardo -- Marx -- Marshall -- Keynes -- Schumpeter -- Changing Trends In The 1950S -- Paul Romer -- Increased Productivity (Growth) -- The Quantity Vs. Value Approach -- How To Increase Productivity? -- The Genesis Of Productivity Growth -- Do We Need A Value-Price Theory Embodying Productive Knowledge? -- Value Generation & Growth -- A Simple Model Based On Productive Knowledge -- New Technology And Growth -- New Technology And The "Productivity Growth" -- A- Quantitative Increase -- B- Increase In Terms Of The Market Values And Prices. -- New Technology And The "Exchange Relations" -- An Exchange With Relative Prices -- Exchange With Respect To Market Prices -- New Products And New Methods Of Production -- The Quantitative "Macro" Growth -- The Growth In The Added Value At A "Macro Level" -- The Accumulation Of Knowledge -- Some Ethical Questions -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4- An Alternative Growth Model -- Introduction -- Labor, Technological Progress & Growth -- The Genesis Of Growth: The Qualifications Of The Labor Force.

Is It Possible To Measure The "Qualification Level Of The Laborer" Accurately? -- Productive Factors And Production Factors (Inputs) -- Output, Exchange & Distribution In A "Stationary" Economy -- Barter-Exchange And Growth: 1-A -- Technological-Productivity Growth -- Growth Function -- Barter-Exchange And Growth: 1-B -- Assuming The Presence Of A New Market For Any Additional Output -- Limits Of Growth -- Barter-Exchange And Growth -2 -- Technological Productivity Growth-2: New Product And A New Production Method -- "New Markets" For The "New Product" -- Growth Process In The Real Economy -- 1- Growth Without Technological Change: A "Given" Technology -- 2- Growth With "Technological Progress" -- Growth: Reconsidered - Both In The Short- And Long Term -- Conclusions -- Reference -- 5- Technological Progress & Growth -- Introduction -- The Purpose Of The Study -- Productivity, Productivity Growth & The "Measurement" Problem -- Productivity (V) -- "Productivity Growth" (Economic Growth) -- Efficiency And Technological-Productivity Growth -- Growth-1: Efficiency (Micro-Productivity) Increase -- Growth-2: Technological Productivity Growth -- Reflections On Technological Productivity Growth -- A "Given" Product & A "New" Production Process -- A New Product & A New Production Process -- A New Product, "Monopoly" And The Profit Rate -- Technological Productivity Growth And Price -- A "New Product" & A "New Production Process" -- A "New" Product, A "New" Process And A "New" Price -- Other Factors Influencing The Price Level -- The Service Sector And Productivity Growth -- Conclusion -- References -- 6-The Neoclassical Marxists -- Introduction -- Lucas -- The Mechanical Model -- Is Lucas A Disguised Marxist? -- Romer -- The Role Of Knowledge -- Romer'S Inputs And Sectors -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 7- Final Remarks -- What Kind Of Economic Order?.

From The Lordship Of Possessions To The Lordship Of Hu-Manity -- From The Producer'S Point Of View -- Competition vs. Coexistence -- The Lessons To Be Drawn From The Ahi Institution -- From The Consumers Point Of View -- Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography.