Sustainable Building Adaptation: Innovations in Decision-Making -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface: The Rise of Building Adaptation -- Part I Building Adaptation -- 1 Defining Adaptation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Terminology -- 1.3 The Significance of Building Adaptation -- 1.4 Decision-Making Issues in Building Adaptation -- 1.5 Decision Options and Levels of Adaptation -- 1.6 Adaptation and Different Land Uses -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Drivers and Barriers for Adaptation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Building Life Cycle Theory -- 2.3 Building Performance Theory -- 2.4 Building Adaptation Theory and Sustainability -- 2.4.1 Social Factors -- 2.4.2 Environmental Factors -- 2.4.3 Cost and Economic Factors -- 2.5 Other Attributes Associated with Adaptation -- 2.5.1 Physical Attributes -- 2.5.2 Locational and Land Use Attributes -- 2.5.3 Legal Attributes -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Assessing Adaptation Using PAAM -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Preliminary Assessment -- 3.3 Principal Component Analysis -- 3.4 Preliminary Adaptation Assessment Model -- 3.5 Illustrative Case Study -- 3.5.1 Building Description -- 3.5.2 Assessing a Building for 'Alterations' Adaptation -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Sustainable Adaptation: A Case Study of the Melbourne CBD -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Context for Adaptation -- 4.3 Typical Sustainability Measures Used in Commercial Building Adaptation -- 4.4 Sustainable Adaptation Case Studies -- 4.4.1 131 Queen Street -- 4.4.2 Alto Hotel (636 Bourke Street) -- 4.4.3 247 Flinders Lane (Ross House) -- 4.4.4 490 Spencer Street -- 4.4.5 500 Collins Street -- 4.4.6 406 Collins Street -- 4.4.7 182 Capel Street -- 4.4.8 115 Batman Street -- 4.4.9 385 Bourke Street -- 4.4.10 530 Collins Street -- 4.5 Comparative Analysis of Sustainable Adaptation Measures -- 4.5.1 Owners -- 4.5.2 Age.

4.5.3 Location -- 4.5.4 Aesthetics -- 4.5.5 Location of Vertical Services -- 4.5.6 Existing Land Use -- 4.5.7 Floor Area -- 4.5.8 Street Frontage -- 4.5.9 Historic Listing -- 4.5.10 Number of Storeys -- 4.5.11 PCA Grade -- 4.5.12 Attachment to Other Buildings -- 4.5.13 Site Access -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Adaptive Reuse -- 5 Building Obsolescence and Reuse -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Conversion Research Worldwide -- 5.3 Building Lifespan and Obsolescence -- 5.3.1 Technical Lifespan -- 5.3.2 Functional Lifespan -- 5.3.3 Economic Lifespan -- 5.4 Obsolescence and Vacancy -- 5.5 Quality and Obsolescence: User-Based Property Assessment -- 5.6 The Physical Characteristics of Structurally Vacant Office Buildings -- 5.6.1 Structure and Floors -- 5.6.2 Floor Layout, Building Length and Depth -- 5.6.3 Façade -- 5.6.4 Stairs and Elevators -- 5.6.5 Location Characteristics -- 5.7 Selected Adaptive Reuse Projects -- 5.8 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Reuse versus Demolition -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Decision-Making Criteria -- 6.3 Tools, Scans and Instruments -- 6.3.1 The Transformation Meter -- 6.3.2 Programmatic Quick Scan -- 6.3.3 Architectural Value -- 6.3.4 The Architects' Method -- 6.3.5 The ABT Method: An Instrument Developed in Practice -- 6.4 Decisions-Based on Financial Arguments -- 6.5 Durability and Sustainability -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Examples of Successful Adaptive Reuse -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Dutch Conversion Projects (Office to Residential) -- 7.2.1 'Stadhouder' in Alphen aan den Rijn -- 7.2.2 'Lodewijk Staete' in Appingedam -- 7.2.3 'Enka' in Arnhem -- 7.2.4 'Schuttersveld' in Delft -- 7.2.5 'Westplantsoen' in Delft -- 7.2.6 'Wilhelminastaete' in Diemen -- 7.2.7 'Granida' in Eindhoven -- 7.2.8 'Residentie de Deel' in Emmeloord -- 7.2.9 'Twentec' in Enschede -- 7.2.10 'Eendrachtskade' in Groningen.

7.2.11 'Billiton' in Den Haag -- 7.2.12 'Hof ter Hage' in Den Haag -- 7.2.13 'Churchill Towers' in Rijswijk -- 7.2.14 'Puntegale' in Rotterdam -- 7.2.15 Westerlaan Tower in Rotterdam -- 7.3 Discussion -- 7.3.1 Data Analysis -- 7.3.2 Conversion Risks -- 7.3.3 Conversion Opportunities -- 7.3.4 Typology -- 7.3.5 Structure and Floors -- 7.3.6 Floor Layout, Building Length and Depth -- 7.3.7 Façade -- 7.3.8 Stairs and Elevators -- 7.3.9 Location -- 7.3.10 Building -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Preserving Cultural and Heritage Value -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Historic Heritage -- 8.3 The Value of Heritage -- 8.3.1 The Value of Place -- 8.3.2 Cultural Capital -- 8.3.3 Benefits of Heritage Conservation -- 8.4 Assessing Economic Value of Heritage -- 8.4.1 The Market Value of Heritage -- 8.4.2 Direct Market Value -- 8.4.3 Indirect Value -- 8.4.4 Indirect Value of Heritage Tourism -- 8.4.5 Heritage as a Source of Skills and Competencies -- 8.4.6 Private/Public Value -- 8.5 Heritage Value and Adaptation -- 8.6 Architectonic and Aesthetic Value -- 8.7 Experience Value -- 8.7.1 Familiar Ugliness -- 8.7.2 Cultural-Historical Value -- 8.8 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Adaptation Decision-Making and Optimisation -- 9 Identifying Adaptive Reuse Potential -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 ARP Model -- 9.3 Obsolescence Rates -- 9.3.1 Physical Obsolescence -- 9.3.2 Economic Obsolescence -- 9.3.3 Functional Obsolescence -- 9.3.4 Technological Obsolescence -- 9.3.5 Social Obsolescence -- 9.3.6 Legal Obsolescence -- 9.3.7 Political Obsolescence -- 9.4 Case Study: GPO Building, Melbourne -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.6 Conclusion -- Note -- References -- 10 MCDA and Assessing Sustainability -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Background -- 10.3 A New Approach -- 10.3.1 Conceptual Framework -- 10.3.2 Value for Money -- 10.3.3 Quality of Life -- 10.3.4 Sustainability Risk.

10.4 Life-Cost Planning -- 10.5 Case Study: Bond University Mirvac School of Sustainable Development (MSSD) Building, Gold Coast -- 10.5.1 Method -- 10.5.2 Return on Investment -- 10.5.3 Energy Usage -- 10.5.4 Functional Performance -- 10.5.5 Loss of Habitat -- 10.5.6 Sustainability Index -- 10.6 Discussion -- 10.7 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 11 Modelling Building Performance Using iconCUR -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Visual MCDA -- 11.3 iconCUR Model -- 11.4 Case Study: 88 George Street, Sydney -- 11.4.1 Overview -- 11.4.2 Before Intervention -- 11.4.3 After Intervention -- 11.5 Discussion -- 11.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 12 Designing for Future Adaptive Reuse -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Rationale -- 12.3 AdaptSTAR Framework -- 12.4 International Case Studies -- 12.4.1 1881 Heritage, Hong Kong SAR (PRC) -- 12.4.2 Peranakan Museum, City Hall (Singapore) -- 12.4.3 Corso Karlín, Prague (Czech Republic) -- 12.4.4 Arsenal de Metz, Metz (France) -- 12.4.5 The Candy Factory Lofts, Toronto (Canada) -- 12.4.6 Punta Della Dogana Contemporary Art Centre, Venice (Italy) -- 12.4.7 Andel's Hotel, Lódz (Poland) -- 12.4.8 Sugar Warehouse Loft, Amsterdam (The Netherlands) -- 12.4.9 The Powerhouse, Long Island City (USA) -- 12.4.10 John Knox Church, Melbourne (Australia) -- 12.5 Discussion -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Index.