Sustainable Dairy Production -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Sustainability and the dairy industry: hype or trend? -- 1.2 Quantifying the issue: measuring footprints -- 1.3 Communication: telling the whole story -- 1.4 Structure of this book -- References -- 2 Greenhouse gas emissions from global dairy production -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods for calculating emissions -- 2.2.1 Model description -- 2.2.2 Database and data sources -- 2.3 Total emissions of the dairy sector -- 2.3.1 Global overview -- 2.3.2 Intensification of dairy production and regional trends -- 2.3.3 Post-farm-gate emissions -- 2.3.4 Sensitivity, uncertainty and validation -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.4.1 Contribution to climate change -- 2.4.2 Efficiency and potential for mitigation -- References -- 3 Life cycle assessment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Current life cycle assessment -- 3.2.1 Impacts associated with land use -- 3.2.2 Global, regional and local effects -- 3.2.3 Water use -- 3.3 Life cycle assessment in application -- 3.4 Life cycle assessment of dairy products -- 3.4.1 Allocation -- 3.4.2 Results of LCA -- 3.5 Life cycle assessment in strategy and policy -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Sustainability and resilience of the dairy sector in a changing world: a farm economic and EU perspective -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Background -- 4.1.2 Purpose and focus -- 4.1.3 Sustainability and dairy -- 4.2 Dairy economics and sustainability -- 4.2.1 Sustainability and resilience of the firm -- 4.2.2 Profitability and the family farm -- 4.2.3 Competitiveness -- 4.3 Sustainability evaluation of the EU dairy sector -- 4.3.1 Economic sustainability (profit) -- 4.3.2 Environmental sustainability (planet) -- 4.3.3 Social sustainability (people) -- 4.4 Agricultural policy -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Dairy processing.

5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Key unit operations and their water and energy use -- 5.2.1 Milk pre-treatment -- 5.2.2 Milk heat treatment -- 5.2.3 Evaporation -- 5.2.4 Drying -- 5.2.5 Membrane filtration -- 5.2.6 Cleaning -- 5.2.7 Storage (conditioning, cooling) -- 5.2.8 Utilities (heat generation, cold generation) -- 5.3 Possibilities for optimisation -- 5.3.1 General process optimisation -- 5.3.2 Energy use -- 5.3.3 Water use -- 5.3.4 Waste stream valorisation -- 5.4 Revisiting dairy processing: breakthrough technologies -- 5.4.1 Model-based dairy production -- 5.4.2 High solids evaporation and drying -- References -- 6 The role of packaging in a sustainable dairy chain -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Packaging sustainability: a growing market expectation -- 6.2.1 Consumer expectations -- 6.2.2 Worldwide legislative pressures -- 6.2.3 Packaging: a priority focus for NGOs -- 6.2.4 Retailers: the gateway to sustainable markets -- 6.2.5 Some consequences for dairy packaging -- 6.3 Packaging's contribution to dairy sustainability -- 6.3.1 Packaging in the analysis of the dairy chain's environmental impacts -- 6.3.2 Packaging's life-cycle environmental performance -- 6.3.3 Driving packaging's contribution to environmental impact reductions -- 6.4 Global alignment of packaging requirements: implications for dairy -- 6.4.1 Business and retailers agree on packaging sustainability indicators -- 6.4.2 Implications of global packaging metrics for the dairy sector -- 6.4.3 Measuring progress towards the Global Dairy Agenda for Action -- 6.4.4 Benefits to the dairy industry of adopting global packaging metrics -- 6.5 A company response: the example of Tetra Pak -- 6.5.1 Reducing environmental impact over the life cycle -- 6.5.2 Increasing recycling -- 6.5.3 Engaging with stakeholders -- 6.6 Outlook: growing importance of economic and social pillars of sustainability.

References -- 7 The business case for sustainable dairy products -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 From a process-driven to a product-driven approach -- 7.2.1 Process-driven approach -- 7.2.2 Product-driven approach -- 7.3 Success factors for creating more sustainable processes and products -- 7.3.1 Stages in the sustainability process -- 7.4 Implementation of sustainability within the company -- 7.4.1 Role of management -- 7.4.2 Generating support and building practical evidence via a stepwise approach -- 7.4.3 The role of stakeholders, including NGOs -- 7.4.4 Interaction with stakeholders -- 7.5 The business case for sustainability -- 7.5.1 Value creation in making products more sustainable -- 7.6 Policy and strategy adopted by different dairy companies -- 7.7 Looking to the future -- 7.8 Conclusion -- References -- Appendix: Overview of the sustainability policy and strategy of various companies -- 8 A case study of marketing sustainability -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 What is sustainability? -- 8.2.1 From cow to cheese -- 8.2.2 Integral approach -- 8.3 Motivations for sustainability -- 8.3.1 Future licence to operate -- 8.3.2 Market opportunities -- 8.3.3 Corporate image -- 8.4 Choose your battles: sustainability strategy issues -- 8.4.1 Determining indicators -- 8.4.2 The basis: 11 indicators -- 8.4.3 The details: environmental analysis -- 8.5 Getting to work -- 8.5.1 Happy farmers -- 8.5.2 Happy cows -- 8.5.3 Happy planet -- 8.6 Communicating sustainability -- 8.6.1 Message -- 8.6.2 Means -- 8.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 9 Cradle to Cradle for innovations in the dairy industry -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Three main principles -- 9.1.2 Terminology -- 9.1.3 C2C® and food production design -- 9.1.4 A fourth C2C® principle -- 9.1.5 The sustainability matrix -- 9.2 A tool for C2C®-driven innovation (PROPER model).

9.2.1 Description of the PROPER model -- 9.2.2 Using the PROPER model for discovery of CRC® elements -- 9.3 Cradle to Cradle for the dairy industry -- 9.3.1 Starting point -- 9.3.2 C2C® applied to the dairy chain -- 9.3.3 A case study -- 9.4 Conclusion -- References -- 10 The future of sustainable dairy production -- 10.1 Future relevance of sustainable dairy -- 10.2 Next steps in chain innovation -- 10.2.1 Measuring sustainability -- 10.2.2 Key role of the farm -- 10.2.3 Development of breakthrough technologies -- 10.2.4 Packaging -- 10.2.5 Cradle to Cradle -- 10.3 Communication and marketing -- 10.4 Business case: people, planet and profit -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index.