Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Darwin's Metaphor and His Russian Audience -- 2. Malthus, Darwin, and Russian Social Thought -- 3. Beketov, Botany, and the Harmony of Nature -- 4. Korzhinskii, the Steppe, and the Theory of Heterogenesis -- 5. Mechnikov, Darwinism, and the Phagocytic Theory -- 6. Kessler and Russia's Mutual Aid Tradition -- 7. Kropotkin's Theory of Mutual Aid -- 8. Severtsov, Timiriazev, and the Classical Tradition -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Name Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.