PERSPECTIVES O N ARABIC LINGUISTICS XI PAPERS FROM THE ELEVENTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON ARABIC LINGUISTICS -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- FOREWORD -- INTRODUCTION -- I. SYNTACTIC PERSPECTIVES -- LAYERS IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARABIC ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES AND THEIR LICENSING -- I. ADVERBS -- 1. Are There Adverbs in Arabic? -- 2.Distribution -- 2.1 Sentence final adverbs -- 2.2 Transportability -- 2.3 Hierarchical ordering -- 2.4 Lower adverbs -- 2.5 Higher adverbs -- 3. Scope and Interpretation -- 3.1 Scope change -- 3.2 Circumstantial adverbials -- 4. Temporals, Locatives, and Layers of Licensing -- 5. Summary and Conclusion -- II. ADJECTIVES -- 1. Serialization and Ordering -- 2. Distribution within the DP -- 2.1 Possessor and adjective ordering -- 2.2 Ordinal > Cardinal -- 2.3 Prenominai adjectives -- 2.4 Demonstratives -- 3. Ordering and Internal Structure of Adjective Phrases -- 3.1 Ordering -- 3.2 Structures of adjective phrases -- 3.3 More on the double DP structure -- 3.4 Restrictive and nonrestrictive placement -- 4. Summary -- REFERENCES -- THE UNOPTIONALITY OF RESUMPTIVE PRONOUNS THE CASE OF MOROCCAN ARABIC -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Distribution of Resumptive Pronouns in Relatives -- 2.1 Short distance relatives -- 2.2 Long distance relatives -- 3. Resumptive Pronouns Appear Only When They Must -- 3.1 Resumption inside islands -- 3.2 Resumption inside PP -- 3.3 Resumption inside NP -- 3.4 Resumption in indefinite relatives -- 4. Resumption in Long Distance Relativization -- 5. Relativization from a Sentence-Peripheral Position -- 5.1 Why are there no subject RPs? -- 5.2 Short distance object resumption -- 6. Coordination and Resumption -- 7. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- GAPPING AND VP DELETION IN MOROCCAN ARABIC -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Deletion at PF or Before Spell-out?.

3. Conditions on Deletion -- 4. Gapping -- 5. The Core Cases of VP Deletion: kan vs. yadi -- 5.1 Distribution of kan -- 5.2 Distribution of yadi -- 5.3 What kinds of complements do kan and yadi select? -- 5.3.1 The case of kan -- 5.3.1.1 Direct objects -- 5.3.1.2 Double objects -- 5.3.1.3 VP adverbs -- 5.3.2 What does yadi select? -- 6. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- IMPLICIT RECIPROCALS IN STANDARD ARABIC -- 0. Introduction: Symmetrical predicates in Arabic -- 1. Implicit Anaphoric Arguments for Form VI Verbs -- 1.1 The inadmissibility of overt arguments with Form VI verbs -- 1.2 Evidence for a null (reciprocal) argument with Form VI verbs -- 1.2.1 Operator movement and null reciprocals -- 1.2.2 Coordination of null and overt arguments -- 1.2.3 Resumption and binding in relative clauses -- 1.2.4 Summary -- 1.3 Summary -- 2. Implicit Form VI Arguments as Reciprocals -- 2.1 The syntactic status of the anaphoric argument -- 2.2 The reciprocal status of the null anaphor -- 3. The Derivation of Sentences with Form VI Verbs -- 3.1 The syntactic derivation of sentences with Form VI verbs -- 3.2 The morphological derivation of Form VI verbs -- 4. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- II. PHONOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES -- GRADIENT UVULARIZATION SPREAD IN AMMANI-JORDANIAN ARABIC -- 1. Introduction to the Problem -- 2. Secondary Uvularized Segments Triggering Uvularization Spread -- 3. Method -- 3.1 Subject -- 3.2 Stimuli and materials -- 3.3 Procedure -- 3.4 Results -- 3.5 Discussion and conclusion -- 4. Uvular Triggering Uvularization Spread -- 4.1 The Nature of /χ/ and/?/ -- 4.2 Uvularization Spread from the Uvular /q/ -- 4.2.1 Stimuli and materials -- 4.2.2 Procedure -- 4.2.3 Results -- 4. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- OPTIMIZED POSTVELAR HARMONY IN PALESTINIAN ARABIC -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 2.1 Pharyngealization harmony -- 2.2 Uvularization harmony.

3. Representational Assumptions -- 4. An Optimality Account -- 4.1 Optimized closed-syllable pharyngealization -- 4.2 Optimized pharyngealization harmony -- 4.2.2 Local harmony -- 4.2.3 Non-local harmony -- 4.3 Optimized uvularization harmony -- 5. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- III. PERSPECTIVES ON VARIATION -- REPORTED SPEECH IN ARABIC JOURNALISTIC DISCOURSE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data Collection and Presentation -- 3. Means of Reporting the Speech of Others -- 4. Reported Speech and Writer's Point of View -- 5. Reported Speech and Diglossia -- 6. Reported Speech and the Peculiarity of Arabic Discourse -- 7. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- GENDER INLINGUISTIC VARIATION THE VARIABLE (q) IN DAMASCUS ARABIC -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Aim and Scope -- 3. 'Standard' Versus 'Norm' -- 4. The Question of Prestige in Relation to (q) -- 5. The Data -- 5.1 Preliminary observations -- 5.2 Coding and factor groups -- 5.3 Analysis of the data for the variable (q) -- 6. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- LITERARY ARABIC AND EARLY HIJAZI CONTRASTS IN THE MARKING OF DEFINITENESS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Phonological Development Specific to Qur'anic Arabic? -- 2.1 Taxfiif al-hamza -- 2.2 Elision of Qur'anic Palif -- 2.2.1 unaas-/ al-naas- (/): -- 2.2.2 ilaah-, Al-laah- () -- 2.2.3 al-laay(i)- () -- 3. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- INDEX OF SUBJECTS.