Cover -- Table of contents -- Introduction: The Black Gown -- Chapter 1: The situation of the Polish intelligentsia after the January Insurrection -- 1. Professional development opportunities -- 2. The development of capitalism and opportunities for the intelligentsia -- 3. Liberal professions -- 4. New sources of the intelligentsia -- Chapter 2: Styles of life -- 1. The financial and property elites -- 2. The provincial intelligentsia and the 'intelligent proletariat' -- 3. An artistic bohemia -- Chapter 3: The development conditions of a national culture -- 1. The conditions of scientific and artistic work -- 2. Inter-Partition contacts -- 3. Knowledge and talents leaking out -- Chapter 4: The ideological debates of the 2nd half of the 19th century -- 1. The Galician milieus: the birth of the Stańczyk faction and the Krakow historical school. The Democrats and Positivists of Krakow -- 2. Warsaw Positivism -- 3. The means of social influence -- 4. The self-stereotype of the Polish intelligentsia in the 2nd half of the 19th century -- Chapter 5: At the century's turn -- 1. The anti-Positivistic breakthrough -- socialism and nationalism -- 2. Renovation movements in the late 19th/early 20th century -- 3. Generational differences -- 4. Promoting Polish education in society -- 5. The Revolution of 1905-7 -- 6. Being a Polish twentieth-century intellectual in Poznań, Krakow and Warsaw -- Chapter 6: The Polish intelligentsia in Europe. The influence of pan-European trends on Poland -- 1. Polish milieus in foreign lands -- 2. Young Poland: between community commitment and decadence -- 3. The First World War -- Conclusion -- Index.