Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chemicals that are classified as hazardous air pollutants with carcinogenic and chronic-toxic effects on human health. People may be exposed to these chemicals indoors and outdoors via inhalation of indoor and outdoor air. Their production and use were banned worldwide with the Stockholm Convention. Since the Turkish government became an official signatory to the Stockholm Convention in year of 2010, the determination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in environmental compartments in Türkiye has gained importance. PCBs are still present in the environment because they are found in materials such as those used in heat transfer, electrical, and hydraulic systems manufactured before the ban due to their persistence to degradation in environment. Industrial processes have an important effect on their environmental concentrations due to unintentional emissions. Therefore, they are still present in air and investigations show that industrial and urban areas have higher levels. The aim of this study was to measure concentrations of PCB compounds in indoor-outdoor air samples collected at homes and schools, and to estimate exposure and associated carcinogenic health risks. Samples were collected at randomly selected sites in urban, semi-urban, and rural areas with polyurethane foam – passive samplers. Samples were analyzed by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after Soxhlet extraction. The estimated carcinogenic risks even at the 95th percentile were calculated below the acceptable risk level (10-6), indicating that the population carcinogenic risk associated with inhalation of gas-phase PCBs is not considerable. However, aggregate risks that could be estimated by addition of other plausible exposure pathways would drive the levels above the acceptable level.