In this study, the effect of heterogeneous acid catalysts was investigated to product distribution by 1-octanol dehydration. The utilized catalysts were synthesized by sol-gel method. The synthesized solid acid catalysts were Al2O3-SiO2, whose mass ratios were 25%- 75%, 50%-50% and 75%-25%. Also, the calcination temperatures of synthesized Al2O3-SiO2 catalysts were 500 ̊C, 700 ̊C and 900 ̊C. The aim of this study, understanding the acidic-basic properties of the Al2O3-SiO2 catalysts and its impact on the dehydration of primary alcohol (1-octanol). For the usage of whole catalysts, the dehydration reaction proceeded on 150 ̊C and the reaction time was 4 h. The products and their existence amounts were determined by GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the acidic and basic properties of the catalysts were clarified by NH3-TPD and CO2-TPD analyses. This study presented that the composition of the catalysts and applied calcination temperatures had impact on acidic-basic strengths which affects pathways of the reaction. The result of that, product distribution and overall conversion were evaluated. The main products were oxalic acid 2-ethylhexyl tetradecyl ester (possible product), octyl ether, esters (Formic acid, octyl ester, Acetic acid, octyl ester and Heptanoic acid, octyl ester) and octanal. The product distribution was principally presented depending on the acidic and basic strengths of Al2O3-SiO2 catalysts.