Introduction To Electrospinning And Nanofibers.

Foreword -- Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Preface of Nanofibers -- 1.2. Nanotechnology and Nanofibers -- 1.3. Various Ways to Make Nanofibers -- 1.3.1. Drawing -- 1.3.2. Template Synthesis -- 1.3.3. Phase Separation -- 1.3.4. Self-Assembly -- 1.3.5. Electrospinning -- 1.4. Scope of This Book -- 2. Basics Relevant to Electrospinning -- 2.1. Material Classes -- 2.1.1. Polymers -- 2.1.2. Composites -- 2.1.3 Ceramics -- 2.2. Solution Property -- 2.2.1. Surface Tension -- 2.2.2. Polymer Solubility -- 2.2.3. Viscosity -- 2.2.4. Volatility (Evaporation) of Solution -- 2.2.5. Conductivity of Solution -- 2.3. Electrostatics -- 2.3.1. Electric Field -- 2.3.2. Potential Difference and Electric Field Representations -- 2.3.3. Surface Charge of Insulator -- 2.3.4. Field Ionization -- 2.4. Conclusions -- 3. Electrospinning Process -- 3.1. Polymer Solution Parameters -- 3.1.1. Molecular Weight and Solution Viscosity -- 3.1.2. Surface Tension -- 3.1.3. Solution Conductivity -- 3.1.4. Dielectric Effect of Solvent -- 3.2. Processing Conditions -- 3.2.1. Voltage -- 3.2.2. Feedrate -- 3.2.3. Temperature -- 3.2.4. Effect of Collector -- 3.2.5. Diameter of Pipette Orifice / Needle -- 3.2.6. Distance Between Tip and Collector -- 3.3. Ambient Parameters -- 3.3.1. Humidity -- 3.3.2. Type of Atmosphere -- 3.3.3. Pressure -- 3.4. Melt-Electrospinning -- 3.5. Creation of Different Nanofibers -- 3.5.1. Porous Nanofibers -- 3.5.2. Flattened or Ribbon-Like Fibers -- 3.5.3. Branched Fibers -- 3.5.4. Helical Fibers -- 3.5.5. Hollow Nanofibers -- 3.5.6. Fiber With Different Compositions -- 3.6. Uniformity and Productivity of Nanofiber Webs -- 3.6.1. Jet Stability -- 3.6.2. Multiple-Spinning Setup -- 3.7. Mixed Electrospun Fiber Mesh -- 3.8. Patterning -- 3.8.1. Cylinder Collector -- 3.8.2. A Knife Edge Disk -- 3.8.3. An Auxiliary Electrode/Electrical Field.

3.8.4. Parallel Conducting Collector -- 3.9. Fiber Yarn and Textile -- 3.9.1. Hybrid Fiber Yarns -- 3.9.2. Electrospun Fiber Yarn -- 3.9.3. Twisted Fiber Yarn -- 3.10. Variations to Electrospinning -- 3.10.1. Scanning Tip Electrospinning Source -- 3.10.2. Nanofiber Interconnections Between Microscale Features -- 3.10.3. Mass Production Through Needleless Electrospinning -- 3.11. Conclusions -- 4. Modeling of the Electrospinning Process -- 4.0. Nomenclature -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Preliminaries -- 4.3. Assumptions -- 4.3.1. Jet Representation -- 4.3.2. Modeling Viscoelastic Behavior -- 4.3.3. Coordinate System -- 4.3.4. Liquid Incompressibility -- 4.4. Conservation Relations -- 4.4.1. Conservation of Mass -- 4.4.2. Conservation of Momentum -- 4.4.3. Conservation of Charge -- 4.5. Consideration of Forces -- 4.6. Instability -- 4.7. Results -- 4.8. Future Trends and Challenges -- 4.8.1. Jet Flow With Particles -- 4.8.2. Core-shell Flow -- 4.8.3. Field-assisted Flow -- 4.8.4. Multi-jet Flow -- 4.8.5. Gas-assisted Flow -- 4.9. Conclusions -- 5. Characterization -- 5.1. Morphology -- 5.1.1. Fiber Diameter -- 5.1.2. Pore Size and Porosity -- 5.1.3. Surface Contact Angle Measurement -- 5.1.4. Others -- 5.2. Molecular Structure -- 5.2.1. Crystalline Structure -- 5.2.2. Organic Group Detection -- 5.2.3. Others -- 5.3 Mechanical Property -- 5.3.1. Single Nanofiber -- 5.3.2. Nanofiber Yarn -- 5.3.3. Nanofiber Membrane -- 5.4. Conclusions -- 6. Functionalization of Polymer Nanofibers -- 6.1. Polymer Surface Modification -- 6.1.1. Introduction -- 6.1.2. Physical Coating or Blending -- 6.1.3. Graft Copolymerization -- 6.1.4. Plasma Treatment and Chemical Vapor Deposition -- 6.1.5. Chemical Treatment -- 6.2. Functionalization of Nanofibers for Different Applications -- 6.2.1. Introduction.

6.2.2. Functionalization of Nanofibers for Affinity Membrane Application -- 6.2.3. Functionalization of Nanofiber for Tissue Engineering scaffold Application -- 6.2.4. Functionalization of Nanofibers for Sensor Application -- 6.2.5. Functionalization of Nanofiber for Protective Cloth Application -- 6.2.6. Functionalization of Nanofibers for Other Applications -- 6.3. Conclusions -- 7. Potential Applications -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Affinity Membranes -- 7.3. Drug Release -- 7.4. Tissue Scaffolds -- 7.5. Wound Dressing -- 7.6. Filter Media -- 7.7. Chemical and Biological Protective Clothing -- 7.8. Energy and Electrical Application -- 7.9. Sensors -- 7.10. Composite Reinforcement -- 7.11. Conclusions -- Appendix A Glossary of Terms -- Affinity membrane -- Amorphous -- Biodegradable -- Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) -- Coalescence -- Conservation Relations -- Contact angle -- Copolymers -- Crystallinity -- Electric Field -- Extracellular Matrix -- Extrusion -- Glass Transition Temperature -- Hydrophobic -- Instability -- Ligand/ligate -- Maxwell Fluid -- Modeling -- Molecular Weight -- Morphology -- Nanofiber Membrane -- Nanofiber Mesh -- Nanofiber Web -- Nanotechnology -- Necking -- Node -- Perturbation -- Plasma Treatment -- Porosity -- Relative permittivity -- Relaxation time -- Spherulite -- Substrate -- Surface Modification -- Surface tension -- Surfactant -- Tissue engineering -- Tissue engineering scaffold -- Transconductance -- Viscoelasticity -- Viscosity -- Volatility -- Appendix B Useful Websites on Electrospinning and Nanofibers -- Bibliography -- Index.