Grammatical Relations : A functionalist perspective.

GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS: A FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Editor's Preface -- GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS: An Introduction -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Semantic vs. grammatical case: The dissociation test -- 3. Empirical criteria for grammatical relations -- 3.1. The prototype clustering approach to categories -- 3.2. The clustering approach to grammatical relations -- 4. Formal properties of subjects and objects -- 4.1. Preamble -- 4.2. Overt coding properties -- 4.3. Verb-coding of grammatical roles -- 4.4. Behavior-and-control properties -- 4.4.1 . The problem of applicability -- 4.4.2. Conflicts with overt coding properties -- 4.4.3. Relativization and grammatical relations -- 4.4.4. Passivizationand grammatical relations -- 4.4.5. Equi-NP deletion and grammatical relations -- 4.4.6. Reflexives and grammatical relations -- 5. Gradations and indeterminacy of grammatical relations -- 5.1. Preamble -- 5.2. Gradation of direct objecthood -- 5.3. Gradation of subjecthood -- 5.4. A functional account of cross-language variability: The ranking of formal subject and object properties -- 6. Grammatical relations in ergative languages -- 6.1. Overt coding properties in ergative languages -- 6.1.1. Nominal morphology: Split subject marking -- 6.1.2. Control of verb agreement -- 6.1.3. Word order in ergative languages -- 6.2. Behavior-and-control properties in ergative languages -- 6.2.1 Preamble -- 6.2.2. Control of Equi -- 6.2.3. Control of reflexivization -- 6.2.4. Control of zero anaphora in chained clauses -- 6.2.5. Control of relativization -- 6.2.6. Raising to object -- 6.2.7. Overview: Mixed control of syntactic processes and gradation in grammatical relations -- 7. Grammatical relations in serial-verb languages -- 7.1. Syntactic configuration and grammatical relations.

7.2. Multiple objects in serial clauses -- 7.3. The grammatical subject in serial clauses -- 8. Grammatical relations and clause union -- 8.1. Preamble -- 8.2. Syntactic constraints on clause union -- 8.2.1. Clause union in equi-subject (SS) configurations -- 8.2.1.1. Equi-subject (SS) clause union in embedding languages -- 8.2.1.2. Equi-subject (SS) clause union in serializing languages -- 8.2.2. Clause union in switch-subject (DS) configurations -- 8.2.2.1. Switch-subject (DS) clause union in embedding languages -- 8.2.2.2. Switch-subject (DS) clause union in serializing languages -- 8.2.3. Degree of grammaticalization and re-analysis of grammatical relations -- 9. Recapitulation -- 9.1. The clustering approach to grammatical relations -- 9.2. Ergativity and grammatical relations -- 9.3. Serial verbs and grammatical relations -- 9.4. Clause union and grammatical relations -- Notes -- References -- Ergativity and Grammatical Relations in Karao -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Morphosyntax of the Karao voice system -- 3. Definition of grammatical relation -- 4. Patterns of syntactic control -- 5. Coding properties -- 6. Relation-changing processes -- 6.1. Promotion to, direct object -- 6.2. Passivization -- 6.3. Antipassivization -- 6.4. Raising -- 6.5. Summary of relation-changing processes -- 7. Coreferential deletion processes -- 7.1. Equi-NP deletion -- 7.2. Relativization -- 7.3. Clefting -- 7.4. Zero anaphora in chained clauses -- 7.5. Coreference in imperatives -- 7.6. Coreference in reflexives -- 7.7. Summary of coreferential deletion processes -- 8. Summary of all coding properties and syntactic processes -- Abbreviations -- Notes -- References -- Evolution of Grammatical Relations in Cariban: How Functional Motivation Precedes Syntactic Change -- 0. Introduction.

1. The t-V-se construction: verbal adjective to passive participle to active ergative verb -- 1.1. Reconstructing *t-V-ce to Proto-Cariban as a participle -- 1.2. Evolution from verbal adjective to passive, inverse, and finally ergative -- 1.2.1. t-V-se as inverse voice in Carib of Surinam -- 1.2.2. Between inverse and active ergative: the t-V-se construction inApalaí -- 1.2.3. The unmarked active (ergative) past-completive in Wayana andTiriyó -- 1.2.3.1. The Wayana active ergative past-completive -- 1.2.3.2. The Tiriyó active ergative past-completive -- 1.2.4. t-V-se in Katxuyana: all of the above? -- 2. Is there a discrete point at which syntactic reanalysis takes place? -- 2.1. Morphological and syntactic evidence for reanalysis -- 2.2. The evolution of semantics and pragmatics -- 2.3. The integrated grammaticalization chain -- 3. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Grammaticalization, Clause Union and Grammatical Relations in Ecuadorian Highland Spanish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The variety of grammaticalized gerund constructions in HS -- 3. Grammaticalization -- 4. Semantic re-analysis -- 4.1. Grammaticalized intransitive motion verbs -- 4.2. Grammaticalized transitive verbs -- 4.2.1. Dejar 'leave'/'abandon' -- 4.2.2. Mandar 'send'/'order' -- 4.2.3. Botar 'throw', 'drop' -- 4.2.4. Dar 'give' -- 5. Clause union and grammatical relations -- 5.1. Criteria for clause union -- 5.2. Scope of negation -- 5.3. Preposing the gerund-marked clause -- 5.4. The presence and interpretation of adverbials -- 5.5. Clitic pronouns, clause union and grammatical relations -- 5.5.1. Preamble -- 5.5.2. Clitic object pronouns in SS -- 5.5.3. Clitic pronouns in HS grammaticalized clauses -- 6. Discussion -- 6.1. De-semanticization -- 6.2. Syntactic re-analysis -- 6.2.1. Scope of negation -- 6.2.2. Preposing of the gerund-marked clause.

6.2.3. Interpretation of adverbials -- 6.2.4. Clitic object pronouns and grammatical relations -- Abbreviated Grammatical Terms -- Notes -- References -- The Direct Object in Bi-transitive Clauses in Indonesian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The 'give' and 'buy' prototypes -- 3. Verbs with a locative-instrumental alternation -- 4. 'Partial dative' verbs -- 5. Interim summary -- 6. The passivization test for direct objecthood -- 7. "Lexical passives" with and without the suffix -kan -- 8. Non-standard use (or non-use) of the suffix -kan -- 9. Discussion -- 9.1. Summary -- 9.2. Interpretation -- Notes -- References -- Serial Verbs and Grammatical Relations in Akan -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Properties of grammatical subjects and objects -- 3. Overt coding properties in Akan -- 3.1. Word-order -- 3.2. Pronominalization -- 3.3. Animacy and object pronoun -- 4. Behavioral (rule-governed) criteria -- 4.1. Telling subject from direct object -- 4.1.1. Coreference and zero anaphora in clause chaining -- 4.1.2. Overt Conjunction and Marked Subject Pronouns -- 4.1.3. Relativization -- 4.1.4. Raising out of complement clauses -- 5. Direct vs. indirect object -- 5.1. The prototype bi-transitive verb 'give' -- 5.1.2. Proximity to the verbs -- 5.1.3. Access to pronominalization -- 5.1.4. Access to relativization -- 5.2. Other bi-transitive verbs with a dative object -- 5.2.1. Proximity to the verb -- 5.2.2. Pronominalization -- 5.2.3. Relativization -- 5.3. Definite patient objects and verb serialization -- 5.4. Bi-transitive verbs with locative objects -- 5.4.1. Pronominalization -- 5.4.2. Relativization -- 5.5. Bi-transitive clauses with the instrumental-locative alternation -- 5.5.1. Proximity to the verb -- 5.5.2. Pronominalization -- 5.5.3. Relativization -- 5.6. Bi-transitive with optional participants -- 5.6.1. Benefactive objects -- 5.6.2. Instrumental objects.

5.6.3. Associative objects -- 5.6.4. Manner adverbs -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Zero Anaphora and Grammatical Relations in Mandarin -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cognitive basis -- 3. The distribution of zero anaphora -- 3.1. Zero anaphora and grammatical relations -- 3.2. Humanness and zero anaphora -- 3.3. Topicality and zero subjects -- 3.4. Topicality and zero objects -- 4. The differential use of zero versus lexical pronoun -- 5. A formal approach to Chinese zero anaphora -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Dative Shifting and Double Objects in Sahaptin -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Transitivity -- 2.1. Morphological features -- 2.1.1. Nomimal case-marking morphology -- 2.1.2. Pronominal prefixes -- 2.1.3. Pronominal enclitics -- 2.2. Disassociation of direct object from the semantic patient -- 3. Behavior and control criteria for objecthood -- 3.1. Reflexive -- 3.2. Reciprocal -- 3.3. Antipassive and co-referential possessed objects -- 3.4. Direct vs. inverse clauses -- 3.5. Passive clauses -- 4. Dative shifting and objects of bi-transitive clauses -- 4.1. Background -- 4.2. The reflexive test -- 4.3. The reciprocal test -- 4.4. Coreferentially-possessed object test -- 4.5. The inverse test -- 4.6. The passive test -- 5. Morphological causatives and clause union -- 5.1. Background -- 5.2. The reflexive test -- 5.3. The reciprocal test -- 5.4. The inverse test -- 5.5. Coreference of possessed object -- 5.6. The passive test -- 6. Object-raising from nominalized complements and dative-shifting -- 6.1. The reflexive test -- 6.2. The reciprocal test -- 6.3. The inverse test -- 6.4. The coreferent possession test -- 6.5. The passive test -- 7. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References.