Outsider Entrepreneurs.

Traditionally, it has been assumed that immigrant entrepreneurs are disadvantaged relative to native entrepreneurs because they have limited access to resources and markets in their country of adoption. Although the outsider status of entrepreneurs may convey some disadvantages domestically, this very status may serve as a spur to encourage international efforts. Yavuz shows that new high-tech startups with outsider founders are more likely to internationalize early, but somewhat surprisingly, these international ventures are less likely to survive and grow relative to their native-founded counterparts that have internationalized. This suggests that immigrant entrepreneurs tend to be overconfident in their own ability to internationalize successfully.