Gender Convergence in the Labor Market.

Front Cover -- Gender Convergence in the Labor Market -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Editorial Advisory Board -- Preface -- Convergences in Men's and Women's Life Patterns: Lifetime Work, Lifetime Earnings, and Human Capital Investment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Literature Review -- 3. Data and Regression Specification -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Descriptive Results -- 4.2. Heckman and OLS Regression Results -- 4.3. Lifetime Results -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix: OLS Results, Log Real Hourly Earnings -- A Biological Basis for the Gender Wage Gap: Fecundity and Age and Educational Hypogamy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 A Two-period Model -- 3.1 Assumptions -- 3.2 Payoffs -- 3.3 Optimization -- 3.4 Reaction Functions within a Steady State Equilibrium -- 3.5 The Relationship between the Demand for Children and the Age and Education Gaps between Husbands and Wives -- 4 Stylized Facts Regarding Husband and Wife Age and Educational Differences -- 5 Empirical Strategy: China as a Natural Experiment -- 5.1 A Brief Summary of China's Family Planning Policy -- 5.2 Data Source and Definitions -- 5.3 Empirical Strategy -- 5.4 Empirical Results -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B: The Model -- B.1 The Population Composition -- B.2 Utility of Marriage for Old Men (Age 2) -- B.3 Utility of Marriage for Young Men -- B.4 Optimization Problem for Young Men -- B.5 The Utility of Marriage for Old Women -- B.6 Utility of Marriage for Young Women -- B.7 The Optimization Problem for Young Women -- B.8 Reaction Functions -- B.9 The Relationship between the Demand for Children and the Age and Education Gaps between Husbands and Wives -- Parental Leave and the Glass Ceiling in Sweden -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Data -- 3 The Swedish Parental Leave System -- 4 Basic Descriptive Analysis.

4.1 The Change in the Gender Log Wage Gap: 1998-2008 -- 4.2 The Gender Log Wage Gap: Sector and Occupation -- 5 Parental Leave and the Gender Log Wage Gap in 2008 -- 5.1 The Gender Gap before and after the First Birth -- 5.2 The Effect of Parental Leave -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Appendix -- The Family Gap in Career Progression -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Family Gap in Wages and Careers -- 3 Background -- 4 Data Description and Summary Statistics -- 5 Empirical Results -- 5.1 The Starting Position of Women's Careers -- 5.2 The Decomposition of the Family Gap in Career Progression -- 5.2.1 The Dummy Variable Approach -- 5.2.2 The Oaxaca-Blinder (O-B) Decomposition of the Family Gap -- 5.3 The Effect of Children on Career Progression -- 5.4 Careers over Time, and before and after Having Children -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Appendix -- Common Law Marriage, Labor Supply, and Time Use: A Partial Explanation for Gender Convergence in Labor Supply -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Why Would CLM Affect Labor Supply? -- 3 Data and Sample Means -- 3.1 CPS-March 1994-2011 -- 3.2 ATUS 2003-2011 -- 4 Empirical Strategy -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Labor Supply -- 5.1.1 Robustness Checks -- 5.2 Household Production and Hours of Leisure -- 5.2.1 Robustness Check -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Appendix -- Skill Disparities and Unequal Family Outcomes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Economic Gender Convergence, Marital Surplus, and Socioeconomic Divergence in Family Outcomes -- 2.1 Declining Marital Surplus -- 2.2 Marital Skills Gap -- 3 Data and Measures -- 4 Family Status, Education, and Skills -- 5 Decomposing the Socioeconomic Gap in Family Outcomes -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Appendix -- A.1 National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health -- A.2 Mother's Education -- A.3 Cognitive Ability -- A.4 Personality Traits.

Who Cares - and Does it Matter? Measuring Wage Penalties for Caring Work -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical Rationales -- 3. Previous Evidence -- 4. Data Sources and Descriptive Evidence on Caring Jobs -- 5. Measuring Wage Differentials for Caring Work: Methods -- 6. Caring Wage Differentials Using Wage Level Analysis -- 7. Wage Equation Caring Results Using Longitudinal Analysis -- 8. Caring Penalties in the Public versus Private Sectors -- 9. Caring Penalties across the Earnings Distribution -- 10. Linearity, Hours Worked, and Group Differences in Caring Wage Effects -- 11. Caring Penalties, Occupational Gender Composition, and the Gender Wage Gap -- 12. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix -- Gender Complementarities in the Labor Market -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Framework -- 3 Data and Institutional Details -- 3.1 Instrumental Variables -- 4 Estimates of the Elasticity of Substitution -- 4.1 Robustness Checks -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- The Right Tail and the Right Tale: The Gender Wage Gap in Mexico -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Trends in Wages, Educational Attainment and Labor Force Participation by Gender -- 2.1 Data -- 2.2 The Gender Wage Gap -- 2.3 Education -- 2.4 Occupation -- 2.5 Labor Force Participation and Employment Rates -- 2.6 Summary of Trends -- 3 Wage Equations -- 3.1 Procedure -- 3.2 Sample Summary Statistics by Period -- 3.3 Wage Equation Estimates - Mean -- 3.4 Wage Equation Estimates - Quantile -- 3.5 Marital Status and Fertility Trends -- 3.6 Selection into Employment -- 4 Relation to Previous Research -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- The Effect of Female Leadership on Establishment and Employee Outcomes: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Data -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Establishment Outcomes.

5.2 Detailed Employee Outcomes: Employment -- 5.3 Detailed Employee Outcomes: Wages -- 5.4 Robustness -- 6 Conclusion -- References.