Contents -- Introduction -- Some Areas of Widespread Agreement -- Distinguishing Features of Moral Judgments -- Rationality and Human Nature -- Areas of Moral Disagreement -- Analogy between Morality and Grammar -- Part I: The Moral System -- Features of the Moral System -- The Moral Rules -- The Moral Ideals -- General Characteristics of Moral Rules -- To whom do the rules apply? -- Whom do the moral rules protect? -- Interpreting the Rules -- 1. "Do not kill." -- 2. "Do not cause pain." -- 3. "Do not disable." -- 4. "Do not deprive of freedom." -- 5. "Do not deprive of pleasure." -- Summary of the first five rules -- 6. "Do not deceive." -- 7. "Keep your promises." -- 8. "Do not cheat." -- 9. "Obey the law." -- 10. "Do your duty." -- Violations of Moral Rules Involve Liability to Punishment -- Justifying Violations of the Moral Rules -- The Two-Step Procedure for Justifying Violations of the Moral Rules -- The first step: Using the morally relevant features to describe the act -- The second step: Estimating the consequences of everyone knowing that a kind of violation is allowed and that it is not allowed -- Moral Virtues and Vices -- Summary and Test -- Part II: The Moral Theory -- The Justification of Morality -- Characteristics of Moral Agents -- Knowledge or Beliefs Required of All Moral Agents -- Irrationality and Rationality -- Rationality as Maximizing Satisfaction of Desires -- Objectively Irrational Actions -- Personally Irrational Actions -- Reasons versus Motives -- All Reasons Have Justifying Force -- Reasons and Desires -- Adequate Reasons -- Rationality, Morality, and Self-Interest -- Impartiality -- Two Philosophical Attempts to Achieve Moral Impartiality -- Justifying Moral Impartiality -- Why morality requires impartiality with respect to the moral rules -- The group with regard to which morality requires impartiality.

Why Act Morally? -- Morality as an Informal Public System -- The Role of Governments in Settling Unresolvable Moral Disagreements -- Rights -- The Consequences of Morality Not Always Providing a Unique Correct Answer -- A Complete Moral Theory -- Conclusion -- Flow Charts -- Rationality -- Morality -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.