Reaping what you sow a comparative examination of torture reform in the United States, France, Argentina, and Israel

Torture: the goal of accountability and the world of impunity -- United States: de jure reform with torture lite and rendition -- Israel: soft compliance with judicial oversight of torture-lite -- France: supranational supervision but limited memory battles and accountability -- Argentina: the only case with prosecutions, reparations, and museums -- Spanish inquisition or millennium bombing plot: the value of torture as actionable intelligence, confession, obedience, intimidation, or deterrence? -- The politics of collective memory and torture reform -- Conclusion: two sets of patterns in four states.