Afghanistan, where water is the most important resource for energy production and the economy. The country still struggles with access to clean drinking water, and its main supply of drinking water comes from groundwater. Unfortunately, not much is known about the country's groundwater system. The assessment of groundwater potential and groundwater stability is crucial for sustainable water management, agricultural development, urban and rural water supply, and disaster mitigation. It supports environmental protection, economic development, public health, and conflict prevention by ensuring reliable and sustainable access to groundwater resources. In regions such as the Panj Amu River Basin, this identification is particularly important due to the high dependence on groundwater. Therefore, the thesis focuses on water budget, groundwater potential, availability, and the impact of various parameters on groundwater recharge of the PARB using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Frequency Ratio (FR) and Evidential Belief Function (EBF) methods. Ten thematic layers including precipitation, geology, lineament density, drainage density, soil texture, land use and land cover, topographic wetness index, curvature, normalized difference vegetation index and slope gradient were used as influencing factors along with groundwater static level data, runoff and evapotranspiration for this research work. All geographic datasets were analyzed using the ArcMap environment and the required spatial data were obtained from various approved relevant online sources. The water balance analysis for the Panj Amu River Basin indicates that 1.887 billion cubic meters’ infiltrates into the groundwater system annually. The total annual groundwater consumption by humans, livestock and agricultural activities amounts to 808.19 million cubic meters. Consequently, the annual net groundwater budget in the basin is 1.078 billion cubic meters, suggesting that the groundwater system in the PARB is currently sustainable. All three methods indicate high groundwater potential in sparsely populated mountainous regions with high rainfall and permeable geology and soil conditions. The key regions include the northeast of Takhar, the east and southeast of Baghlan and the northwest and east (some parts of the Wakhan corridor) of Badakhshan have high groundwater potential. In general, the Panj Amu River Basin has moderate groundwater potential. Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to validate the study. The results show that the EBF methods has the highest efficiency with an AUC of 92.6%, followed by the FR method with 91.5% and the AHP model with 80.2%.