Cover -- Preface-Sharing My Thoughts -- Case Laws-Decisions -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Formation and Incorporation of Companies -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Meaning of Company -- 1.3 Characterstics or Essential Features of a Company -- 1.4 Types of Companies -- 1.5 Formation of Company -- 1.6 Promotion of Company -- 1.7 Incorporation or Registration of Company -- 1.8 Advantages of Certificate of Incorporation -- 1.9 Effect of Certificate of Incorporation -- 1.10 Floatation of Company -- 1.11 Certificate of Commencement of Business -- 1.12 Memorandum of Association -- 1.13 Contents of Memorandum of Association -- 1.14 Articles of Association -- 1.15 Alteration of Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association -- Chapter 2 Contract-Essential Elements -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Importance of Understanding Contract Law -- 2.3 Meaning of Contract -- 2.4 The Law of Contracts is Neither the Whole Law of Agreements Nor the Whole Law of Obligations -- 2.5 Distinction Between an Agreement and a Contract -- 2.6 Essential Elements of a Valid Contract -- 2.7 All Essential Elements Necessary to Form a Contract -- Chapter 3 Classification of Contracts -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Contracts on the Basis of Formation -- 3.3 Contracts on the Basis of Performance or Execution -- 3.4 Contracts on the Basis of Validity or Enforceability -- 3.5 Agreements Declared Void By Law -- 3.6 Distinction Between Void Agreement and Voidable Contract -- Chapter 4 Performance of Contracts -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Meaning-Performance of Contract -- 4.3 Types of Performance and Effect on Relationship -- 4.4 Essentials of Valid Tender of Performance -- 4.5 Persons Who Can Demand Performance -- 4.6 Who Has to Perform -- 4.7 Rules for Appropriation of Payments By Debtor -- 4.8 Contracts Which Need Not be Performed -- Chapter 5 Breach of Contract and Remedies for Breach.

5.1 Breach of Contract-Meaning -- 5.2 Occurrence of Breach of Contract -- 5.3 Remedies for Breach of Contract -- 5.4 Cancellation or Rescission -- 5.5 Restitution -- 5.6 Suit For Specific Performance -- 5.7 Suit for Injunction -- 5.8 Suit for Damages,for the Loss Sustained -- 5.9 Types of Dameges -- 5.10 Mitigation of Damages-Duty of Injured -- 5.11 Quantum Meruit -- 5.12 Summary of Rules Regarding the Measure of Damages -- Chapter 6 Consumer Protection Laws-Rights of Consumers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Consumerism-Need for Consumer Protection -- 6.3 Acts for Protecting Consumers' Interests -- 6.4 Objectives of Consumers Protection Act -- 6.5 Mechanism Available for Redressal of Grievances -- 6.6 Who is a Consumer? -- 6.7 Who is not a Consumer? -- 6.8 Some More Definitions -- 6.9 Rights-Protection Available to Consumers Under Consumer Protection Act -- 6.10 Amendments to Act-To Make it More Effective and Customer-Friendly -- 6.11 Procedure for Redressal of Customer Grievances -- 6.12 On Whom Complaints Can be Lodged for Deficiency of Service -- 6.13 Examples of 'Deficiency of Service' -- Chapter 7 Pollution Control and Environment Protection -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Pollution-Causes -- 7.3 Need of Pollution Control -- 7.4 Purpose of Enactment of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 -- 7.6 Explanation of Terms -- 7.7 What Causes Environmental Pollution? -- 7.8 Power of the Central Government to Protect and Improve Environment -- 7.9 Evaluation- Impact of the Environment (Protection) Act,1986 -- 7.10 Present Environmental Policy of Government of India -- Chapter 8 Intellectual Property Rights -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Meaning of Intellectual Property Rights -- 8.3 Basic Objective and Scope-Law With Intellectual Property Rights -- 8.4 Types of Intellectual Property Rights -- 8.5 History of Patent Law in India.

8.6 Meaning of Patent and its Advantages -- 8.7 What Can Be Patented? -- 8.8 What Cannot be Patented? -- 8.10 Rights or Advantages in Obtaining Patents -- 8.11 Meaning and Purpose of Copyright -- 8.12 Procedure for Registration of Copyright -- 8.13 Assignment of Copyrights -- 8.14 Right of Owner of Copyrights -- 8.15 Activities Which are Not Copyright Violations -- 8.16 An Overview of Existing Copyrights -- 8.17 ISBN and Purpose -- Chapter 9 Mergers and Acquisitions-Includes the Competition Bill, 2007 -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Alternative Ways of Growth -- 9.3 Forms of Expansion-Business Combination -- 9.4 New Trends in Mergers -- 9.5 Forms of Business Combinations -- 9.6 Merger or Amalgamation -- 9.7 Acquisition -- 9.8 Holding Companies -- 9.9 Types of Mergers -- 9.10 Attractions/Advantages of Mergers-Synergy -- 9.11 Realities Between Merger and Acquisition -- 9.12 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR M&A -- 9.12 Factors Responsible for M&A -- 9.13 Multi-National Company or Corporation -- 9.14 Legal and Procedural Aspects of Mergers & Acquisitions -- 9.15 Approval of Court-Merger and Amalgamation -- 9.16 New Opportunities -Big Deals of Lending to Indian Banking -- 9.17 The Competition Act , 2002 -- Chapter 10 Information Technology Act- Includes 'Digital Signature- How it Works'? -- 10.1 Cyber Laws in India -- 10.2 Rational and Need of Information Technology Act -- 10.3 Objectives of Information Technology Act -- 10.4 Changes Information Technology Act -- 10.5 Digital Signature -- 10.6 Legal Recognition of Digital Signatures -- 10.7 Definitions -- 10.8 Regulation of Certifying Authorities -- 10.9 Appointment of Certifying Authorities to Issue Digital Signature Certificates -- 10.10 Procedure to be Followed By Certifying Authorities to Issue Digital Signature Certificates -- 10.11 Duties of Subscribers -- 10.12 The Cyber Regulations Appellate Tribunal.

10.13 Computer Crimes.