Cover -- Preface -- Foreword -- Contents -- Chapter 1. Carbocations (Carbonium Ions) -- Nomenclature -- Structure and Stability -- Generation of Carbocations -- Reactions of Carbocations -- 1. Reaction with nucleophiles -- 2. Elimination of a proton -- 3. Rearrangements -- 4. Addition to unsaturated systems -- Non-Classical Carbocations -- Generation of Non-Classical Carbocations -- Chapter 2. The Carbanion Chemistry -- Stability -- Generation of Carbanions -- Abstraction of hydrogen by a base -- From Unsaturated Compounds -- Reactions of Carbanions with Electrophiles -- Substitution reactions of alkyl (sp3) anions -- Addition Reactions of Alkyl (Sp3) Anions -- Reactions of π carbanions with Electrophiles -- Elimination Reactions of Carbanions -- Oxidation Reactions of Carbanions -- Rearrangement Reactions of Carbanions -- Intermolecular Rearrangements -- Intramolecular Additions -- Intramolecular Eliminations -- Sigmatropic Carbanion Rearrangement -- Chapter 3. Theory of Concerted Reactions -- What are Concerted Reactions ? -- Concerted Mechanism -- Stepwise Mechanism -- What are Stereoselective and Stereospecific Reactions? -- Theory of Concerted Reactions -- Homo and Lumo Structures -- Ethylene System -- Butadiene System -- Frontier Orbital Approach -- Conjugated Triene -- Chapter 4. Pericyclic Reactions -- Introduction -- Cycloaddition Reactions -- Classification -- Classification Based on the Number of Electrons -- General Rule for Pericyclic Reactions -- What is Symmetry Allowed and Symmetry Forbidden Reaction? -- Woodward-Hoffmann Rule -- σ Bonds Involved in Cycloaddition Reactions -- Energy Level Diagram in Cycloaddition -- Some More Examples of 2 + 2 Cycloadditions -- Photochemical Cycloadditions -- 2 + 3 Cycloadditions (1, 3 dipolar cycloadditions) -- 2, 1 Cycloaddition -- 4 + 2 Cycloadditions Diels-Alder Reaction.

Scope of Diels Alder Reaction -- Stereochemistry and Endo and Exo Addition -- Orientation (Regioselectivity) -- Diene Reactivity -- Dienophile Reactivity -- Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reactions -- Chapter 5. Electrocyclic Reactions -- Introduction -- Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions -- 2π System -- 4π System -- 6π System -- Electrocyclic Reactions of Radicals -- Metal-Catalysed Electrocyclic Reactions -- Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions -- Chapter 6. Sigmatropic Re-arrangements -- Introduction -- Nomenclature -- The Homo Allylic Radicals -- Hydrogen Migrations -- Other Views About Sigmatropic Transition State -- Formation of a Cyclic Transition State Structure -- Frontier Orbital Approach -- Some other examples of Hydrogen Shifts -- Migrations in Cyclopropane Ring -- Migration of Atoms or Groups Other than Hydrogen -- Selection Rules -- Shifts in Neutral Species -- Shifts in Charged Species -- Application of FMO Method -- Cope and Claisen Rearrangements -- The Cope Rearrangement -- The Oxy-Cope Rearrangement -- The claisen rearrangements -- Some Other Examples -- Abnormal Claisen Rearrangements -- [2, 3] Sigmatropic Rearrangements -- Photo Chemical Rearrangements -- The Ene Reaction -- Chapter 7. Cheletropic Reactions -- Introduction -- Symmetry Allowed Cycloaddition of SO2 to a Diene -- Cheletropic Reactions Involving 4 Electrons -- Addition of Carbenes or Nitrenes -- Cheletropic Reactions Involving 6π Electrons -- 2+2+2 Cycloadditions and Eliminations -- Cheletropic reactions Involving 8π Electrons -- Chapter 8. Geometrical Isomerism -- General Introduction -- Compounds Having Double Bonds -- Relative Stabilities of Isomers -- Nomenclature of Geometrical Isomers -- Determination Of Configuration of Geometrical Isomers -- Some Physical Methods for the Determination of Configurations -- Stability and Inter Conversion of cis-trans Isomers.

Preparation of cis-trans Isomers -- Stereochemistry of Additions to Double Bonds -- Cis-Addition Reactions -- Trans-Addition Reactions -- Stereochemistry of Cyclic Compounds -- Chapter 9. Basic Concepts of Stereochemistry -- Importance of Stereochemistry -- Asymmetry and Chirality -- Diasteroisomers -- Properties of Diastereomers -- What Type of Compounds don't Show Optical Activity? -- A Plane of Symmetry -- A Centre of Symmetry -- An Alternating Axis of Symmetry -- Nomenclature of Optical Isomers -- Fischer Projections -- Stereoisomerism in Cyclic Compounds -- Methods for Determining Absolute Configuration -- Asymmetric Synthesis (Asymmetric Induction) -- Asymmetric Transformation -- Mechanism of Asymmetric Syntheses -- Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis -- Stereoselective and Stereospecific Reactions -- Resolution of Racemic Mixtures -- Racemisation -- Mechanism of Racemisation -- Walden Inversion (Optical inversion) -- Mechanism of Walden Inversion -- Chapter 10. Conformation -- Conformation and Conformational Analysis -- Conformation of Ethane -- Conformation of Propane -- Conformation of Butane -- Eclipsed Forms -- Staggered Forms -- Ring Strains in Cycloalkanes -- Principles of Conformation -- Rotation about Bonds involving Carbon Atoms in a State of sp2 Hybridisation -- Methods for Determining Conformation -- Conformational Asymmetry -- Conformations of Three to Five Membered Rings -- Stereochemistry of Cyclic Compounds -- Cyclopropane Rings -- Cyclobutane Rings -- Cyclopentane Rings -- Cyclohexane Rings -- Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes -- Disubstituted Cyclohexanes -- Disubstituted Cyclohexanes with Substituents in 1, 3 Positions -- Conformational Energies of Substituents -- Conformation and Chemical Reactivity -- Six-Membered Heterocyclic Rings -- Cyclooctane and Cyclononane -- Cyclodecane -- Concept of I-strain -- Baeyer's Strain Theory.

Limitations of the Strain Theory -- Fused Ring System -- Chapter 11.Some Novel Reactions in Organosilicon Chemistry -- Expedited Organic Synthesis With Organosilicon Compounds -- Creation of a Bond -- Protection of Groups -- Activation -- Some Applications of Organosilicon Compounds to Organic Synthesis -- Why Silicon Compounds are Reactive ? -- Formation and Cleavage of Bonds to Silicon -- Organosilicon Protecting Groups -- Electrophilic Substitution Reactions -- Synthesis of Olefines -- Reactive Intermediates in Organosilicon Chemistry -- Silylenes -- Silenes -- Silanones -- Disilenes -- Silyl Anions -- Silyl Radicals -- Thermolysis -- Photolysis, Prolysis and Electron Transfer -- Chapter 12. Spectroscopy -- Some General Consideration -- Spectroscopy -- Types of Molecular Spectra -- Lasers, Importance and Uses -- Chapter 13. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy -- Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy -- Ultraviolet Spectroscopy -- Origin of U.V. Absorption Spectra -- Colour in Organic Compounds -- Absorption in Organic Molecules -- Energy Levels in Different Molecular Orbitals -- Difference between n → π* and π → π* transition -- Choice of Solvent and Solvent Effects -- Applications of Ultraviolet Spectroscopy -- Chapter 14. Infrared Spectroscopy -- Introduction -- Origin of Infrared Spectra -- Molecular vibrations -- Types of Vibrations in Polyatomic Molecules -- Vibrations of Polyatomic Molecules -- Factors Influencing Vibrational Frequencies -- Instruments -- Source of Radiation -- Sampling techniques -- Finger Print Region -- Applications of Spectroscopy -- IR Spectra of Some Compounds -- Chapter 15. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- Introduction -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Hydrogen Nuclei -- Chemical Shifts and Number of Signals -- Instrumentation -- Expression of Chemical Shifts -- Acetylene in Magnetic Field.

Benzene in Magnetic Field -- Factors Influencing Chemical Shift -- Solvents Used -- Origin of Multiplet Peaks -- Coupling Constants -- Vicinal Coupling -- Interpretation of NMR spectra -- Applications of NMR Spectroscopy -- 13C-NMR Spectroscopy (CMR) -- Phosphorous-31 -- II Boron -- Chapter 16. Mass Spectrometry and Lasers -- Introduction -- Applications of Mass Spectroscopy -- Mass spectrometer -- Principle of operation of mass spectrometer -- Interpretation of Some Spectra -- Mass Spectrum of Benzene, of 2,2,4 Trimethyl Pentane -- Some Guiding Principles for Finding the Base Peaks -- Use of a Spark Source -- Chapter 17. Oxidising Agents and Their Mechanism -- Ozone -- Lead TETRA-ACETATE Pb(OAc)4 -- Periodic Acid HIO4 -- Osmium Tetroxide OSO4 -- Selenium Dioxide SeO2 -- Perbenzoic Acid -- Chapter 18. Some Reducing Agents and Their Mechanism -- Lithium Aluminium Hydride -- Sodium Borohydride -- Metal/Liquid Ammonia -- Some Metal Catalysts Used in Hydrogenation -- Raney Nickel Catalysts -- Platinum -- Palladium -- Alluminium Isopropoxide AI -- Chapter 19. Miscellaneous Compounds -- Diazomethane -- Liquid Ammonia -- N-Bromosuccinimide -- Trifluroacetic Acid -- Trifluoroacetic Anhydride -- Sodium Amide(Sodamide) -- Dimethyl Sulphoxide(DMSO) -- Boron Trifluoride -- Index.