LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- 0.1 Ellora's Jain Caves: A New Perspective -- 0.2 Ellora's Jain Caves in Context -- 0.3 Organization of the Book -- CARVING THE SAMAVASARAṆA -- 1.1 The Assembly of Worshippers at Ellora -- 1.2 Further Evidence From Ellora's Antechambers -- 1.3 Ellora as the Samavasaraṇa -- 1.4 Samavasaraṇas on Earth -- CARVING THE LIBERATED -- 2.1 Ellora's Main Shrine Jinas -- 2.2 The Aṣṭamahāprātihārya -- 2.2.1 Elements Supporting the Jina -- 2.2.2 Elements Crowning the Jina -- 2.2.3 Elements Attending the Jina -- 2.3 More than Ornamentation -- CARVING THE DIVINE -- 3.1 Images of the Jain Yakṣā and yakṣī at Ellora -- 3.2 Jain Deities in a Broader Context at Ellora -- 3.3 the Yakṣa/Yakṣī Pair as Śāsanadevatās -- 3.4 Cakreśvarī, Padmāvatī, and other Goddesses -- 3.5 Wealth, Fecundity, and Protection at Ellora -- CARVING ELLORA'S JAIN PATRONS -- 4.1 the Rāṣṭrakūṭas: A question of Patronage -- 4.2 At the Feet of a Jina -- 4.3 Devoted Patrons in Ellora's Jain Caves -- 4.4 Brahmacārins and their Presentations as Donors -- 4.5 Portraits of Āryikas at Ellora -- 4.6 A New Look at Patronage at Ellora -- CARVING SACRED SPACE -- 5.1 Creating a Celestial Environment -- 5.2 Reconstructing medieval Lay Pūjā -- 5.2.1 Acts of Pūjā -- 5.2.2 Lustrating the Jina at Ellora -- CARVING A LARGER JAIN WORLD -- 6.1 Ellora's Last Phase of Activity -- 6.2 Contemporary Devotion at Ellora -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX -- FIGURES.