Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering.
Başlık:
Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering.
Yazar:
Nielsen, Mogens Brøndsted.
ISBN:
9781118736487
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Basım Bilgisi:
1st ed.
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 online resource (527 pages)
İçerik:
Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Reference -- Chapter 2: Organic Building Blocks for Molecular Engineering -- 2.1 Molecular Function -- 2.2 Redox-Active Units -- 2.2.1 Case Study: TTF Building Blocks -- 2.3 Photo/Thermoswitches -- 2.3.1 Case Study: Azobenzenes -- 2.4 Fluorophores, Light Harvesters, and Dyes -- 2.4.1 Case Study: Fluorescent Probe for Carbohydrates -- 2.4.2 Case Study: Logic Gate -- 2.4.3 Case Study: Combining Chromophores and Redox-Active Units in an Artificial Photosynthesis Device -- 2.4.4 Case Study: "Clicking" Together Functional Units by the CuAAC Reaction -- 2.5 Macrocyclic Host Molecules -- 2.5.1 Cation and Anion Complexation -- 2.5.2 π-Donor-Acceptor Complexation -- 2.5.3 Encapsulation of Instable Compounds -- 2.5.4 Encapsulation of Organic Molecules in Water -- 2.6 DNA and Hydrogen-Bonded Dimers -- 2.7 Modified Oligonucleotides -- 2.8 Amino Acids: Peptide Building Blocks -- 2.9 Chirality -- 2.10 Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers -- 2.11 Nonlinear Optical Chromophores -- References -- Chapter 3: Design and Synthesis of Organic Molecules for Molecular Electronics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Organic Molecular Wires -- 3.2.1 Terminal Connectivity: The "Alligator Clip Principle" -- 3.2.2 Synthesis and Properties of Organic Wires -- 3.3 Organic Molecular Rectifiers -- 3.4 Organic Molecular Switches -- 3.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 4: Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Terms and Nomenclature -- 4.1.2 Handling of Carbon Nanoforms -- 4.2 Characterization Methods -- 4.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy -- 4.2.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis -- 4.2.3 Microscopic Methods -- 4.3 Production and Purification of Carbon Nanotubes -- 4.3.1 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes -- 4.3.2 Primary Purification of Carbon Nanotubes.
4.3.3 Fractionation of Carbon Nanotubes -- 4.4 Production of Graphene and Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) -- 4.4.1 Graphene Synthesis: Top-Down or Bottom-Up -- 4.4.2 RGO by Oxidative Exfoliation Followed by Reduction -- 4.4.3 Graphene by Direct Exfoliation -- 4.4.4 Large-Area Graphene by CVD -- 4.4.5 Graphene Nanoribbons -- 4.4.6 Nanographenes by Organic Synthesis -- 4.5 Functionalization of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes -- 4.5.1 Knowing Your Starting Material -- 4.5.2 Solubility -- 4.5.3 Reactivity -- 4.5.4 The Functionalization Toolbox -- 4.6 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes -- 4.6.1 Defect-Group Generation and Functionalization -- 4.6.2 Sidewall Alkylation and Arylation -- 4.6.3 Cycloadditions -- 4.6.4 Noncovalent Functionalization -- 4.7 Functionalization of Graphene -- 4.7.1 Oxidation and Covalent Secondary Functionalization -- 4.7.2 Reduction: Formation of Graphane -- 4.7.3 Additions Using Nonoxidizing Reagents -- 4.7.4 Supramolecular Noncovalent Functionalization -- 4.8 Functionalization of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes by Metal Nanoparticles -- 4.9 Applications of Molecularly Engineered Carbon Nanotubes and Graphenes -- 4.9.1 Introduction -- 4.9.2 Toward Carbon Nanoelectronics -- 4.9.3 Sensor Applications of CNT and Graphene Electronics -- 4.9.4 Photovoltaic Applications -- References -- Chapter 5: H-Bond-Based Nanostructuration of Supramolecular Organic Materials -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 General Principles in H-Bonded Soft Matters -- 5.3 1D H-Bonded Nanostructured Materials -- 5.3.1 H-Bonded Supramolecular Main-Chain Polymers -- 5.3.2 Supramolecular Polymers with H-Bonds Perpendicular to the Elongation Direction -- 5.4 2D H-Bonded Networks -- 5.5 H-Bond Discrete Nanostructures -- 5.5.1 Templated Supramolecular Systems -- 5.5.2 Nontemplated Self-Organized Systems -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References.
Chapter 6: Molecular Systems for Solar Thermal Energy Storage and Conversion -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Basic Engineering Challenges -- 6.2.1 Photochemistry -- 6.2.2 Energy Storage -- 6.2.3 Heat Release -- 6.2.4 Stability and Availability -- 6.3 Molecular Systems -- 6.3.1 Stilbene Systems -- 6.3.2 Linked Anthracenes -- 6.3.3 Norbornadiene-Quadricyclane System -- 6.3.4 Fulvalene Diruthenium System -- 6.4 Energy Release -- 6.5 Stability Tests -- 6.6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 7: Strategies to Switch Fluorescence with Photochromic Oxazines -- 7.1 Fluorescence Imaging at the Nanoscale -- 7.2 Fluorescence Switching with Photochromic Compounds -- 7.3 Design and Synthesis of Fluorophore-Oxazine Dyads -- 7.4 Fluorescence Activation with Fluorophore-Oxazine Dyads -- 7.5 Design and Assembly of Photoswitchable Nanoparticles -- 7.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Supramolecular Redox Transduction: Macrocyclic Receptors for Organic Guests -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Redox-Recognition/Transduction with Organic Guest Molecules -- 8.2.1 Molecular Receptors Incorporating a Redox-active Subunit -- 8.2.2 Case of Electrochemical Chiral Recognition -- 8.3 Electrochemically Triggered Macrocyclic Systems -- 8.3.1 Interlocked Assemblies Based on Organic Compounds -- 8.3.2 Interlocked Assemblies Based on Transition Metals -- 8.4 Electroactive Guests -- 8.5 Redox-Recognition/Transduction with Nucleic Acids -- 8.6 Self-Assembled Macrocyclic Redox-Active Receptors -- 8.7 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9: Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives Using Tetrathiafulvalene-Calix[4]pyrroles -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Calix[4]pyrroles -- 9.1.2 Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) -- 9.1.3 MPTTF Macrocycles, Belts, and Cages -- 9.2 Symmetric Tetra-TTF-Calix[4]pyrroles -- 9.3 Asymmetric Tetra-TTF-calix[4]pyrroles -- 9.4 Extended ∏-Systems.
9.5 Self-Complexation and Switching -- 9.6 Toward a Potential Application -- 9.7 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 10: Recognition of Carbohydrates -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Why? Key Role in Life Processes -- 10.3 What? Noncovalent Interactions -- 10.4 How? Methods -- 10.4.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) -- 10.4.2 UV-Vis Spectroscopy -- 10.4.3 Circular Dichroism (CD) -- 10.4.4 Isothermal Calorimetry (ITC) -- 10.4.5 Other Methods (MS and Liquid-Liquid and Liquid-Solid Extractions) -- 10.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 11: Cyclodextrin-Based Artificial Enzymes: Synthesis and Function -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Functionalization on the Primary Rim -- 11.2.1 Unprotected Cyclodextrins -- 11.2.2 Synthesis with Protected Cyclodextrins -- 11.3 Functionalization on the Secondary Rim -- 11.3.1 Unprotected Cyclodextrins -- 11.4 Selectively Modified Cyclodextrins as Artificial Enzymes: Chemzymes -- 11.4.1 Glycosidases -- 11.4.2 Oxidases -- 11.4.3 Miscellaneous -- 11.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 12: Organozymes: Molecular Engineering and Combinatorial Selection of Peptidic Organo- and Transition-Metal Catalysts -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Peptides in Organocatalysis -- 12.3 Organozymes: Peptide Mimetic Metal Complexes -- 12.4 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 13: Dendrimers in Biology and Nanomedicine -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Properties -- 13.3 Synthesis of Dendrimers -- 13.4 What Makes Dendrimers and Dendrons Interesting in Biology and Nanomedicine? -- 13.5 Toxicity of Dendrimers -- 13.6 Dendrimers in Diagnostics -- 13.7 Dendrimer-Based Reagents for Imaging -- 13.7.1 CT Scanning -- 13.7.2 Imaging Using Radioactive Isotopes (PET and SPECT) -- 13.7.3 MRI -- 13.7.4 Optical Probes -- 13.8 Anti-inflammatory Activity of Dendrimers -- 13.9 DNA Transfection -- 13.10 SiRNA Delivery.
13.11 Vaccines -- 13.12 Cancer -- 13.13 Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents -- 13.14 Molecular Engineering of Dendrimers: Outlook -- References -- Chapter 14: Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry -- 14.1 Introduction to Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry -- 14.2 Creating Diversity with Few Disulfide Building Blocks -- 14.3 Optimization of Known Receptors Using Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry -- 14.4 Donor-Acceptor Mechanically Interlocked Molecules from Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries -- 14.5 Hydrazone-Based Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries -- 14.6 Boronate Ester Exchange in Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry -- 14.7 Targeting Biological Molecules Using Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry -- 14.8 Modeling of Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries -- 14.8.1 DCL Simulations to Optimize Library Design -- 14.8.2 Estimating Association Constants Directly from the DCL -- 14.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index.
Özet:
The theory, methods, and practices needed to build molecules and supramolecular systems Using a synthetic approach to organic materials chemistry, this book sets forth tested and proven methods and practices that make it possible to engineer organic molecules offering special properties and functions. Throughout the book, plenty of real-world examples demonstrate the countless possibilities of creating one-of-a-kind molecules and supramolecular systems to support a broad range of applications. The book explores applications in both materials and bioorganic chemistry, including molecular electronics, energy storage, sensors, nanomedicine, and enzyme engineering. Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering consists of fourteen chapters, each one contributed by one or more leading international experts in the field. The contributions are based on a thorough review and analysis of the current literature as well as the authors' firsthand experience in the lab engineering new organic molecules. Designed as a practical lab reference, the book offers: Tested and proven synthetic approaches to organic materials chemistry Methods and practices to successfully engineer functionality into organic molecules Explanations of the principles and concepts underlying self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry Guidance in selecting appropriate structural units used in the design and synthesis of functional molecules and materials Coverage of the full range of applications in materials and bioorganic chemistry A full chapter on graphene, a new topic generating intense research Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering begins with core concepts, molecular building blocks, and synthetic tools. Next, it explores molecular electronics, supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly, graphene, and photoresponsive materials engineering. In short, it offers everything
researchers need to fully grasp the underlying theory and then build new molecules and supramolecular systems.
Notlar:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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