Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on the Editor -- Notes on the Contributors -- List of Illustrations -- Introduction - The Transformation of the Classics. Practices, Forms, and Functions of Early Modern Commenting -- Poetry -- Horace and Ramist Dialectics:Pierre Gaultier Chabot's (1516-1598?) Commentaries -- Changing Metatexts and Changing Poetic Ideals -- Horaz als schulfibel und als elitärer gründungstext des deutschen Humanismus. Die illustrierte Horazausgabe des Jakob Locher (1498) -- Petrus Nannius als philologe und Literaturkritiker im Lichte seines Kommentars zur Ars Poetica des Horaz -- Scholarly Polemic: Bartolomeo Fonzio's Forgotten Commentary on Juvenal -- Commenting on Claudian's 'political poems', 1612/1650 -- History and Moral Philosophy -- Josse Bade's Familiaris Commentarius on Valerius Maximus (1510): A School Commentary? -- Illustrations as Commentary and Readers' Guidance. The Transformation of Cicero's De Officiis into a German Emblem Book by Johann von Schwarzenberg, Heinrich Steiner, and Christian Egenolff (1517-1520 -- 1530/1531 -- 1550) -- Understanding National Antiquity. Transformations of Tacitus's Germania in Beatus Rhenanus's Commentariolus -- Annotating Tacitus: The Case of Justus Lipsius -- Natural History and Geography -- The Survival of Pliny in Padua. Transforming Classical Scholarship during the Botanical Renaissance -- Elephants and Bears through the Eyes of Scholars: A Case Study of Pliny's Zoology in the 15th-16th Centuries -- Frühneuzeitliche Landesbeschreibung in einer antiken Geographie - Der Rhein aus persönlicher Perspektive in Vadians Kommentar zu Pomponius Mela (1522) -- Index Nominum.