Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Impact of Culture, Society, Institutions, and International Forces on Military Effectiveness -- Nationalism and Military Effectiveness: Post-Meiji Japan -- Social Structure, Ethnicity, and Military Effectiveness: Iraq, 1980-2004 -- Political Institutions and Military Effectiveness: Contemporary United States and United Kingdom -- Civil-Military Relations and Military Effectiveness: Egypt in the 1967 and 1973 Wars -- Global Norms and Military Effectiveness: The Army in Early Twentieth-Century Ireland -- International Competition and Military Effectiveness: Naval Air Power, 1919-1945 -- International Alliances and Military Effectiveness: Fighting Alongside Allies and Partners -- Explaining Military Outcomes -- Conclusion -- Index.